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Ergenlik Dönemindeki Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda İyi Oluş: Deneysel Bir Karma Yöntem Araştırması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 339 - 352, 26.06.2024

Mehmet Engin Deniz , Hacer Yıldırım Kurtuluş

https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1281185

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı ergenlik dönemindeki Suriyeli mülteci çocukların mevcut iyi oluşlarına ilişkin görüşlerini ve iyi oluşa dair ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda oluşturulan müdahale programının etkililiğini incelemektir. Bu araştırma nitel ve nicel yöntemleri bir arada kullandığı için karma yöntem araştırmasıdır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Türkiye’de bir devlet okuluna devam eden Suriyeli mülteci çocuklar arasından ölçüt örnekleme ile seçilen ergenlerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan ergenlerin yaş aralığı 14-15’tir (X = 14.31; Ss = .48). Araştırmanın nitel bulgularında Suriyeli mülteci çocukların mevcut iyi oluş ihtiyaçlarının olumlu duygular, benlik saygısı, sosyal destek, bağlılık, yaşamda anlam temaları etrafında şekillendiği görülmüştür. Araştırmanın nicel basamağında ise Suriyeli mülteci çocukların iyi oluş ihtiyaçlarının göstergesi olan bu beş temayı geliştirmeye yönelik bir müdahale programı hazırlanmış ve programın etkililiği incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, iyi oluş programının oturumlar sona erdikten sonra mülteci ergenlerin iyi oluş puanlarını artırma açısından etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu olumlu sonuçların iki ay sonraki izleme çalışmasında da korunduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mülteci çocuk ergenlik iyi oluş karma yöntem

Kaynakça

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  • Ataman, A. (2021). Umut temelli müdahale programının Suriyeli mülteci çocukların umut ve psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerine etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi, İbn Haldun Üniversitesi). Ulusal Tez Merkezi
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  • Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration and mental health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(4), 243- 258.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2019). Psikolojide tematik analizin kullanımı. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(2), 873-898. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.7c.2s.17m
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  • Creswell, J. W. (2009) Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Flow. Munksgaard.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve Lisrel uygulamaları. Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Davies, A. A., Basten, A., & Frattini, C. (2009). Migration: a social determinant of the health of migrants. Eurohealth, 16(1), 10-12.
  • Demirci, İ. ve Ekşi, F. (2015). Ergenler için beş boyutlu iyi oluş modeli: EPOCH ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 9-30.
  • Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2015). National accounts of subjective well-being. American Psychologist, 70(3), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038899
  • Ellis, B. H., Winer, J. P., Murray, K., & Barrett, C. (2019). Understanding the mental health of refugees: Trauma, stress, and the cultural context. In R. Parekh (Ed.), The massachusetts general hospital textbook on diversity and cultural sensitivity in mental health, (pp. 165-187). Humana Press.
  • Fazel, M. (2018). Psychological and psychosocial interventions for refugee children resettled in high-income countries. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 27(2), 117-123.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3(1), 1-25.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions-Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 359, 1367–1378. http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). Positive emotions broaden and build. Advances on Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1–53.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13(2), 172-175.
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Well-being in Syrian Refugee Children in Adolescence: An Experimental Mixed Method Research

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 339 - 352, 26.06.2024

Mehmet Engin Deniz , Hacer Yıldırım Kurtuluş

https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1281185

Öz

The aim of this research was to examine the views of the current well-being of Syrian refugee children in adolescence and the effectiveness of the intervention program used in line with their well-being needs. This research adopted a mixed method approach since it used qualitative and quantitative methods together. The participants consisted of adolescents selected using criterion sampling among Syrian refugee children attending a public school in Türkiye. The age range of the adolescents participating in the study was 14-15 (M = 14.31; SD = .48). The qualitative findings highlighted that the current well-being needs of Syrian refugee children were shaped around the themes of positive emotions, self-esteem, social support, commitment, and meaning in life. As for the quantitative step of the research, an intervention program was prepared to develop these five themes, which were indicators of the well-being needs of Syrian refugee children, and the study examined the effectiveness of the program. The results showed that the well-being program was effective in increasing the well-being scores of refugee adolescents after the sessions were over. The study observed that these positive results were maintained in the follow-up study two months later.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Refugee child adolescence well-being mixed method

Kaynakça

  • Ahad, N. A., Yin, T. S., Othman, A. R., & Yaacob, C. R. (2011). Sensitivity of normality tests to non-normal data. Sains Malaysiana, 40(6), 637-641.
  • Arakelyan, S., & Ager, A. (2021). Annual Research Review: A multilevel bioecological analysis of factors influencing the mental health and psychosocial well‐being of refugee children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(5), 484-509. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13355
  • Ataman, A. (2021). Umut temelli müdahale programının Suriyeli mülteci çocukların umut ve psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerine etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi, İbn Haldun Üniversitesi). Ulusal Tez Merkezi
  • Bean, T. M., Eurelings-Bontekoe, E., & Spinhoven, P. (2007). Course and predictors of mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors in the Netherlands: one year follow-up. Social Science & Medicine, 64(6), 1204-1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.010
  • Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration and mental health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(4), 243- 258.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2019). Psikolojide tematik analizin kullanımı. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(2), 873-898. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.7c.2s.17m
  • Brown, S. L., Nesse, R. M., Vinokur, A. D., & Smith, D. M. (2003). Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: Results from a prospective study of mortality. Psychological Science, 14(4), 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.14461.
  • Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1-48.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32(32), 470-483.
  • Castillo-Eito, L., Armitage, C. J., Norman, P., Day, M. R., Dogru, O. C., & Rowe, R. (2020). How can adolescent aggression be reduced? A multi-level meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 78, 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101853.
  • Clark, V. P., & Ivankova, N. V. (2016). Mixed methods research: a guide to the field (mixed methods research series). Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009) Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Flow. Munksgaard.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve Lisrel uygulamaları. Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Davies, A. A., Basten, A., & Frattini, C. (2009). Migration: a social determinant of the health of migrants. Eurohealth, 16(1), 10-12.
  • Demirci, İ. ve Ekşi, F. (2015). Ergenler için beş boyutlu iyi oluş modeli: EPOCH ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 9-30.
  • Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2015). National accounts of subjective well-being. American Psychologist, 70(3), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038899
  • Ellis, B. H., Winer, J. P., Murray, K., & Barrett, C. (2019). Understanding the mental health of refugees: Trauma, stress, and the cultural context. In R. Parekh (Ed.), The massachusetts general hospital textbook on diversity and cultural sensitivity in mental health, (pp. 165-187). Humana Press.
  • Fazel, M. (2018). Psychological and psychosocial interventions for refugee children resettled in high-income countries. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 27(2), 117-123.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3(1), 1-25.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions-Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 359, 1367–1378. http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). Positive emotions broaden and build. Advances on Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1–53.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13(2), 172-175.
  • Ghumman, U., McCord, C.E., & Chang, J. E. (2016). Posttraumatic stress disorder in Syrian refugees: A review. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 57(4), 246-253.
  • Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü (2022). Geçici Koruma. https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638
  • Grasser L. R., Al-Saghir H., Wanna C., Spinei J., & Javanbakht A. (2019). Moving through the trauma: Dance/movement therapy as a somatic-based intervention for addressing trauma and stress among Syrian refugee children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58, 1124–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.007
  • Greene, J. C., & Hall, N. J. (2010). Dialectics and pragmatism. In A. Tashakkori, & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Sage handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (pp. 119-143). Sage.
  • Greenspoon, P. J., & Saklofske, D. H. (2001). Toward an integration of subjective well-being and psychopathology. Social Indicators Research, 54(1), 81-108. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007219227883
  • Hadfield, K., Ostrowski, A., & Ungar, M. (2017). What can we expect of the mental health and well-being of Syrian refugee children and adolescents in Canada?. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 58(2), 194-203.
  • Hamdan‐Mansour, A. M., Abdel Razeq, N. M., AbdulHaq, B., Arabiat, D., & Khalil, A. A. (2017). Displaced Syrian children's reported physical and mental wellbeing. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 22(4), 186-193.
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  • Kağnıcı, D. Y. (2017). Suriyeli mülteci çocukların kültürel uyum sürecinde okul psikolojik danışmanlarına düşen rol ve sorumluluklar. İlköğretim Online, 16(4), 1768-1776.
  • Kananian S., Soltani Y., Hinton D., & Stangier U. (2020). Culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy plus problem management (CA-CBT+) with Afghan refugees: A randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 33, 928-938. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22615
  • Kern, M. L., Waters, L. E., Adler, A., & White, M. A. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 262-271.
  • Khamis, V. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder and emotion dysregulation among Syrian refugee children and adolescents resettled in Lebanon and Jordan. Child Abuse & Neglect, 89, 29-39.
  • Khaw, D., & Kern, M. (2014). A cross-cultural comparison of the PERMA model of well-being. Undergraduate Journal opf Psychology at Berkeley, University of California, 8, 10-23.
  • Kien, C., Sommer, I., Faustmann, A., Gibson, L., Schneider, M., Krczal, E., & Gartlehner, G. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders in young refugees and asylum seekers in European Countries: a systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(10), 1295-1310.
  • Kroese, J., Bernasco, W., Liefbroer, A. C., & Rouwendal, J. (2021). Growing up in single-parent families and the criminal involvement of adolescents: a systematic review. Psychology, Crime & Law, 27(1), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2020.1774589
  • Lovett, N., & Lovett, T. (2016). Wellbeing in education: Staff matter. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(2), 107-112.
  • Lustig, S. L., Kia-keating, M., Knight, W. G., Geltman, P., Ellis, H., Kinzie, D., et al. (2004). Review of child and adolescent refugee mental health. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(1), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200401000-00012.
  • Mancini, M. A. (2020). A pilot study evaluating a school-based, trauma-focused intervention for immigrant and refugee youth. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 37(3), 287-300.
  • Measham, T., Guzder, J., Rousseau, C., Pacione, L., Blais-McPherson, M., & Nadeau, L. (2014). Refugee children and their families: Supporting psychological well-being and positive adaptation following migration. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 44(7), 208-215.
  • Mendola, D., & Busetta, A. (2018). Health and Living Conditions of Refugees and Asylum-seekers: A Survey of Informal Settlements in Italy. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 37, 477–505. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdy014
  • Montgomery, E. (2008). Long-term effects of organized violence on young Middle Eastern refugees' mental health. Social Science & Medicine, 67(10), 1596-1603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.07.020
  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42, 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
  • Panter‐Brick, C., & Leckman, J. F. (2013). Editorial commentary: resilience in child development–interconnected pathways to wellbeing. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(4), 333-336.
  • Papadopoulos, R. K. (2001). Refugee families: issues of systemic supervision. Journal of Family Therapy, 23, 405–422.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
  • Rowe, C., Watson-Ormond, R., English, L., Rubesin, H., Marshall, A., Linton, K., & Eng, E. (2017). Evaluating art therapy to heal the effects of trauma among refugee youth: The Burma art therapy program evaluation. Health Promotion Practice, 18(1), 26-33.
  • Sachs, J. D., & McArthur, J. W. (2005). The millennium project: a plan for meeting the millennium development goals. The Lancet, 365, 347-353.
  • Scherer, N., Hameed, S., Acarturk, C., Deniz, G., Sheikhani, A., Volkan, S., & Polack, S. (2020). Prevalence of common mental disorders among Syrian refugee children and adolescents in Sultanbeyli district, Istanbul: results of a population-based survey. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 29, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796020001079
  • Schimmack, U., & Diener, E. (2003). Predictive validity of explicit and implicit self-esteem for subjective wellbeing. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 100-106. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00532-9
  • Schottelkorb, A. A., Doumas, D. M., & Garcia, R. (2012). Treatment for childhood refugee trauma: A randomized, controlled trial. International Journal of Play Therapy, 21(2), 57-73. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027430
  • Schuler, M. S., Tucker, J. S., Pedersen, E. R., & D'Amico, E. J. (2019). Relative influence of perceived peer and family substance use on adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use across middle and high school. Addictive Behaviors, 88, 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.025
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish. Simon & Schuster
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14. http://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Siedlecki, K. L., Salthouse, T. A., Oishi, S., & Jeswani, S. (2014). The relationship between social support and subjective well-being across age. Social Indicators Research, 117(2), 561-576.
  • Solberg, Ø., Nissen, A., Vaez, M., Cauley, P., Eriksson, A. K., & Saboonchi, F. (2020). Children at risk: a nation-wide, cross-sectional study examining post-traumatic stress symptoms in refugee minors from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan resettled in Sweden between 2014 and 2018. Conflict and Health, 14(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-00311-y
  • Steger, M. F., Kashdan, T. B., Sullivan, B. A., & Lorentz, D. (2008). Understanding the search for meaning in life: Personality, cognitive style, and the dynamic between seeking and experiencing meaning. Journal of Personality, 76(2), 199-228.
  • Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(2), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.005
  • Stifter, C., & Dollar, J. (2016). Temperament and developmental psychopathology. Developmental Psychopathology, 1, 1–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy411
  • Sullivan A. L., & Simonson G. R. (2016). A systematic review of school-based social-emotional interventions for refugee and war-traumatized youth. Review of Educational Research, 86, 503–530.
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  • Tashakkori, A., Johnson, R. B., & Teddlie, C. (2021). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Sage
  • Thomas, P. A. (2010). Is it better to give or to receive? Social support and the well-being of older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(3), 351-357. http://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp113.
  • Tınas, M. (2017). Lübnan’daki Suriyeli mülteciler: Hükümet stratejisi yokluğunda ekonomik, siyasi ve mezhepsel zorluklar. ORSAM Bölgesel Gelişmeler Değerlendirmesi Dergisi, 62, 1-15.
  • Turrini, G., Purgato, M., Ballette, F., Nosè, M., Ostuzzi, G., & Barbui, C. (2017). Common mental disorders in asylum seekers and refugees: umbrella review of prevalence and intervention studies. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 11(1), 1-14.
  • Ugurlu, N., Akca, L., & Acarturk, C. (2016). An art therapy intervention for symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety among Syrian refugee children. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 11(2), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2016.1181288
  • United Nations Population Fund (UFPA). (2007). A framework for action on adolescents and youth: opening doors with young people: 4 keys. https://www.unfpa.org/publications/framework-action-adolescents-and-youth
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR]. (2017). Syria regional refugee response. http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php
  • Van Ryzin, M. J., Gravely, A. A., & Roseth, C. J. (2009). Autonomy, belongingness, and engagement in school as contributors to adolescent psychological well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(1), 1-12.
  • Walg, M., Eder, L. L., Martin, A., & Hapfelmeier, G. (2020). Distorted time perspective in adolescent Afghan and Syrian refugees is associated with psychological distress. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 208(9), 729-735. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001194
  • Walther, L., Fuchs, L.M., Schupp, J., & Von Scheve, C. (2020) Living conditions and the mental health and well-being of refugees: Evidence from a Large-Scale German Survey. Journal of Immigrant Minority Health, 22, 903–913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-019-00968-5
  • Wenzel, T., Mirzaei, S., & Nowak, M. (2016). Assessment of sequelae of torture for refugees in host countries. The Lancet, 387, 746-746. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00324-X
  • Yang, Q., Tian, L., Huebner, E. S., & Zhu, X. (2019). Relations among academic achievement, self-esteem, and subjective well-being in school among elementary school students: A longitudinal mediation model. School Psychology, 34(3), 328–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000292
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldırım Kurtuluş, H., & Kurtuluş, E. (2022). Çocuk gözünden göç hikayesinin öyküsel terapi odağında incelenmesi: Suriyeli mülteci çocuklar. Humanitas, 10(19), 318-348.
  • Yurtsever A., Konuk E., Akyüz T., Zat Z., Tükel F., Çetinkaya M., Savran C., & Shapiro E. (2018). An eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) group intervention for Syrian refugees with post-traumatic stress symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00493
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çok Kültürlü Eğitim
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Engin Deniz 0000-0002-7930-3121

Hacer Yıldırım Kurtuluş 0000-0002-0880-1318

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Deniz, M. E., & Yıldırım Kurtuluş, H. (2024). Ergenlik Dönemindeki Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda İyi Oluş: Deneysel Bir Karma Yöntem Araştırması. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 13(2), 339-352. https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1281185
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