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Some Internal and External Factors Related to Students as the Predictors of Eudaimonia in the Students of the Countries in Turkish Geography

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 927 - 948, 26.09.2021

Umut Birkan Özkan

https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.741620

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the 15-year-old students' eudaimonia levels in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tatarstan, and Turkey and the role of some internal and external factors related to students in predicting eudaimonia levels of these students. The research sample consists of 15-year-old 39040 students in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tatarstan, and Turkey. In the analysis of secondary data obtained from PISA-2018 evaluation, t-test and multiple linear regression analyzes were used. The results indicated that there are significant differences in students' eudaimonia levels between Azerbaijan-Turkey, Azerbaijan-Tatarstan, Kazakhstan-Turkey, and Kazakhstan-Tatarstan and there is no significant difference in terms of students' eudaimonia levels between Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan and Turkey-Tatarstan. Besides, it was concluded that the variables of self-efficacy, motivation to overcome tasks, learning goals, emotional support of parents, competitiveness, fear of failure, perceived teacher enthusiasm, economic, social, and cultural situation are the predictors of eudaimonia in the students within the scope of the study. It was found that the variables of bullying and information communication technology (ICT) resources are not significant predictors of eudaimonia. When an evaluation is made in the context of countries for the findings of this study, it can be said that students' eudaimonias are a variable that can differ both in historical, cultural and racial commitment and in countries that have economic, social and cultural cooperation. However, as an interesting result, the strong predictors of the level of eudaimonia in students of this age group of four countries in the Turkish World are internal factors. Based on the results of the study, suggestions were made.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eudaimonia self-efficacy competitiveness fear of failure parents

Kaynakça

  • Ağır, O. ve Demir, G. (2019). Rusya Federasyonu'nda özerkcumhuriyetlerin siyasal yapısı: Tataristan Özerk Cumhuriyeti. Ulakbilge, 7(33), 143-163. https://doi.org/10.7816/ulakbilge-07-33-03
  • Bauer, J. J., and McAdams, D. P. (2010). Eudaimonic growth: Narrative growth goals predict increases in ego development and subjective well-being 3 years later.Developmental Psychology,46(4), 761-772. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019654
  • Baumeister, R. F., and Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529.
  • Bélanger, J. J., Lafreniere, M. A. K., Vallerand, R. J., and Kruglanski, A. W. (2013). Driven by fear: The effect of success and failure information on passionate individuals' performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029585
  • Bendixen, M., Daveronis, J., and Kennair, L. E. O. (2018). The effects of non-physical peer sexual harassment on high school students’ psychological well-being in Norway: consistent and stable findings across studies. International Journal of Public Health, 63(1), 3-11.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1049-3
  • Clark, A. E., Frijters, P., and Shields, M. A. (2008). Relative income, happiness, and utility: An explanation for the Easterlin paradox and other puzzles. Journal of Economic Literature, 46(1), 95-144.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences(2nd ed.).Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Corti, L. (2008). Secondary analysis. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods volumes 1 and 2 (pp. 801-803). Thousand Oaks,California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Crespo, R. F., and Mesurado, B. (2015). Happiness economics, eudaimonia and positive psychology: From happiness economics to flourishing economics. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), 931-946.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9541-4
  • DeCaroli, M. E., and Sagone, E. (2014). Generalized self-efficacy and well-being in adolescents with high vs. low scholastic self-efficacy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 867-874.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.152
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S., and Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social indicators research, 97(2), 143-156.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
  • Doğan, U. (2016). Lise öğrencilerinin sosyal ağ siteleri kullanımının mutluluk, psikolojik iyi-oluş ve yaşam doyumlarına etkisi: Facebook ve Twitter Örneği. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(183),217-231. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2016.4616
  • Ehtiyar, R. V., Ersoy, A., Akgün, A. ve Karapınar, E. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin geleceğe yönelik tutum ve olumlu gelecek beklentilerinin psikolojik iyilik halleri üzerindeki etkisi. Mediterranean Journal Of Humanities, 7(2), 251-262.https://doi.org/10.13114/MJH.2017.361
  • Elliot, A. J., and Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(1), 218-232.
  • Elliot, A. J., and Thrash, T. M. (2001). Achievement goals and the hierarchical model of achievement motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 13(2), 139-156.
  • Erkızan, H. N. (2016). Aristoteles, mutluluğun (eudaimonia) yitirilişi ve günümüz üzerine (I). Hayrettin Ökçesiz, Gülriz Uygur, E. İrem Akı ve Nadire Özdemir (Editörler), Hukuk Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Arkivi içinde (s. 89-97). İstanbul: İstanbul Barosu Yayınları.
  • Ersungur, M., Kızıltan, A. ve Karabulut, K. (2007). Türkiye İle diğer Türk Cumhuriyetlerinin ekonomik ilişkilerinin analizi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(35), 285-310.
  • Freire, C., Ferradás, M. D. M., Núñez, J. C., Valle, A., and Vallejo, G. (2019). Eudaimonic well-being and coping with stress in university students: The mediating/moderating role of self-efficacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(1), 48-63. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010048
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Türk Coğrafyasındaki Ülkelerin Öğrencilerinde Eudaimonianın Yordayıcıları Olarak Öğrencilere İlişkin İçsel ve Dışsal Bazı Faktörler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 927 - 948, 26.09.2021

Umut Birkan Özkan

https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.741620

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Tataristan ve Türkiye’deki 15 yaş grubu öğrencilerin eudaimonia düzeylerinin ve bu öğrencilerin eudaimonia düzeylerinin yordanmasında öğrencilere ilişkin bazı içsel ve dışsal faktörlerin rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Tataristan ve Türkiye’den 15 yaşındaki 39040 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. PISA-2018 değerlendirmesinden elde edilen ikincil verilerin analizlerinde t-testi ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar; Azerbaycan-Türkiye, Azerbaycan-Tataristan, Kazakistan-Türkiye ve Kazakistan-Tataristan arasında öğrencilerin eudaimonia düzeyleri açısından anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu, Azerbaycan-Kazakistan ve Türkiye-Tataristan arasında ise anlamlı bir fark bulunmadığını göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, öz-yeterlik, görevlerin üstesinden gelme motivasyonu, öğrenme hedefleri, ebeveynlerin duygusal desteği, rekabet edebilirlik, başarısızlık korkusu, algılanan öğretmen hevesi, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel durum değişkenlerinin çalışma kapsamındaki öğrencilerde eudaimonianın yordayıcıları oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Zorbalığa maruz kalma ve BİT olanakları değişkenlerinin ise eudaimonianın anlamlı yordayıcıları olmadığı bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonuçlarına dayanarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eudaimonia öz-yeterlik rekabet edebilirlik başarısızlık korkusu ebeveynlerin duygusal desteği

Kaynakça

  • Ağır, O. ve Demir, G. (2019). Rusya Federasyonu'nda özerkcumhuriyetlerin siyasal yapısı: Tataristan Özerk Cumhuriyeti. Ulakbilge, 7(33), 143-163. https://doi.org/10.7816/ulakbilge-07-33-03
  • Bauer, J. J., and McAdams, D. P. (2010). Eudaimonic growth: Narrative growth goals predict increases in ego development and subjective well-being 3 years later.Developmental Psychology,46(4), 761-772. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019654
  • Baumeister, R. F., and Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529.
  • Bélanger, J. J., Lafreniere, M. A. K., Vallerand, R. J., and Kruglanski, A. W. (2013). Driven by fear: The effect of success and failure information on passionate individuals' performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029585
  • Bendixen, M., Daveronis, J., and Kennair, L. E. O. (2018). The effects of non-physical peer sexual harassment on high school students’ psychological well-being in Norway: consistent and stable findings across studies. International Journal of Public Health, 63(1), 3-11.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1049-3
  • Clark, A. E., Frijters, P., and Shields, M. A. (2008). Relative income, happiness, and utility: An explanation for the Easterlin paradox and other puzzles. Journal of Economic Literature, 46(1), 95-144.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences(2nd ed.).Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Corti, L. (2008). Secondary analysis. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods volumes 1 and 2 (pp. 801-803). Thousand Oaks,California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Crespo, R. F., and Mesurado, B. (2015). Happiness economics, eudaimonia and positive psychology: From happiness economics to flourishing economics. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), 931-946.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9541-4
  • DeCaroli, M. E., and Sagone, E. (2014). Generalized self-efficacy and well-being in adolescents with high vs. low scholastic self-efficacy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 867-874.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.152
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S., and Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social indicators research, 97(2), 143-156.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
  • Doğan, U. (2016). Lise öğrencilerinin sosyal ağ siteleri kullanımının mutluluk, psikolojik iyi-oluş ve yaşam doyumlarına etkisi: Facebook ve Twitter Örneği. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(183),217-231. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2016.4616
  • Ehtiyar, R. V., Ersoy, A., Akgün, A. ve Karapınar, E. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin geleceğe yönelik tutum ve olumlu gelecek beklentilerinin psikolojik iyilik halleri üzerindeki etkisi. Mediterranean Journal Of Humanities, 7(2), 251-262.https://doi.org/10.13114/MJH.2017.361
  • Elliot, A. J., and Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(1), 218-232.
  • Elliot, A. J., and Thrash, T. M. (2001). Achievement goals and the hierarchical model of achievement motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 13(2), 139-156.
  • Erkızan, H. N. (2016). Aristoteles, mutluluğun (eudaimonia) yitirilişi ve günümüz üzerine (I). Hayrettin Ökçesiz, Gülriz Uygur, E. İrem Akı ve Nadire Özdemir (Editörler), Hukuk Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Arkivi içinde (s. 89-97). İstanbul: İstanbul Barosu Yayınları.
  • Ersungur, M., Kızıltan, A. ve Karabulut, K. (2007). Türkiye İle diğer Türk Cumhuriyetlerinin ekonomik ilişkilerinin analizi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(35), 285-310.
  • Freire, C., Ferradás, M. D. M., Núñez, J. C., Valle, A., and Vallejo, G. (2019). Eudaimonic well-being and coping with stress in university students: The mediating/moderating role of self-efficacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(1), 48-63. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010048
  • Gülcan, A. ve Nedim-Bal, P. (2014). Genç yetişkinlerde iyimserliğin mutluluk ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Asya Öğretim Dergisi, 2(1(ÖZEL)), 41-52.
  • Güler, M. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde siber zorbalık ve psikolojik iyi oluşun incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzincan: Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Harding, T., Lopez, V., and Klainin-Yobas, P. (2019). Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among Higher Education Students. Psychology, 10(04), 578-594. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2019.104037
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  • Khumalo, I. P., Temane, Q. M., and Wissing, M. P. (2012). Socio-demographic variables, general psychological well-being and the mental health continuum in an African context. Social Indicators Research, 105(3), 419-442.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9777-2
  • Kim, J. H. (2019). Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 72(6), 558-569.
  • Klein, C. (2019). Economic freedom and eudaimonic well-being: Exploring the socio-economic paths to psychological functioning. Doctorate thesis, Waco, Texas: Baylor University.
  • Kleine, J., Wagner, N., and Weller, T. (2016). Openness endangers your wealth: Noise trading and the big five. Finance Research Letters, 16, 239-247.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2015.12.002
  • Kunnari, I., and Lipponen, L. (2010). Building teacher-student relationships for well-being. Lifelong Learning in Europe, 2, 63-71.
  • Lumley, T., Diehr, P., Emerson, S., and Chen, L. (2002). The importance of the normality assumption in large public health data sets. Annual Review of Public Health, 23(1), 151-169.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publheath.23.100901.140546
  • Mackenzie, C. S., Karaoylas, E. C., and Starzyk, K. B. (2018). Lifespan differences in a self determination theory model of eudaimonia: A cross-sectional survey of younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(8), 2465-2487.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9932-4
  • Makaryčev, A. S., and Valuev, V. N. (2002). External relations of Tatarstan: Neither inside, nor outside, but alongside Russia. Zürich: Center for Security Studies andConflict Research.
  • Masten, A. S. (1994). Resilience in individual development: Successful adaptation despite risk and adversity. In M. C. Wang and E.W. Gordon (Eds.), Educational Resilience in Inner-City America:Challenges and Prospects (pp. 3-25). New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates Inc.
  • McGregor, I., and Little, B. R. (1998). Personal projects, happiness, and meaning: On doing well and being yourself. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 494-512.
  • McKnight, P. E., and Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Purpose in life as a system that creates and sustains health and well-being: An integrative, testable theory. Review of General Psychology, 13(3), 242-251. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017152
  • Midi, H., Sarkar, S. K., and Rana, S. (2010). Collinearity diagnostics of binary logistic regression model. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 13(3), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2010.10700699
  • Mirazchiyski, P. (2014). Analyzing the TALIS data using the IEA IDB Analyzer. In A. Becker (Ed.), TALIS user guide for the international database (pp. 28-72). Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Noguera, M., Alvarez, C., and Urbano, D. (2013). Socio-cultural factors and female entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(2), 183-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0251-x
  • OECD (2019a). PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b25efab8-en.
  • OECD (2019b). PISA 2018 results (Volume III): What school life means for students’ lives. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/acd78851-en
  • OECD (2019c). PISA 2018 results (Volume I): What students know and can do. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/5f07c754-en
  • Özbacı, N. Ş. T. (1996). Okul başarısızlığı. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 47, 17-23.
  • Pajares, F. (2003). Self-efficacy beliefs, motivation, and achievement in writing: A review of the literature. Reading andWriting Quarterly, 19(2), 139-158.https://doi.org/10.1080/10573560308222
  • Pedditzi, M. L. (2014). Motivation to learn: Achievement goals, self-efficacy andclassroom social climate in secondary school. International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology,1(3), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-9837.1000114
  • Peterson, C., Park, N., and Seligman, M. E. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of happiness studies, 6(1), 25-41.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-1278-z
  • Reker, G. T. (1996). Manual of the sources of meaning profile-revised (SOMP-R). Peterborough: Student Psychologists Press. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1617.2802
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
  • Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
  • Ryan, R. M., and Martela, F. (2016). Eudaimonia as a way of living: ConnectingAristotle with self-determination theory”. In Joar Vittersø (Ed.), Handbook of Eudaimonic Well-Being (pp. 109-122). Cham: Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_7
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science,4(4), 99-104.
  • Ryff, C. D. (2019). Entrepreneurship and eudaimonic well-being: Five venues for newscience. Journal of Business Venturing,34(4), 646-663.
  • Ryff, C. D., and Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health.Psychological Inquiry,9(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0901_1
  • Salavera, C., Usán, P., Teruel, P., and Antoñanzas, J. L. (2020). Eudaimonic well-being in adolescents: The role of trait emotional ıntelligence and personality. Sustainability, 12(7), 2742-2753. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072742
  • Scheier, M. F., Wrosch, C., Baum, A., Cohen, S., Martire, L. M., Matthews, K. A., Schulz, R., and Zdaniuk, B. (2006). The life engagement test: Assessing purpose in life. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(3), 291-298.
  • Sezer, F. (2013). Psikolojik iyi olma durumu üzerine etkili faktörler. EducationSciences, 8(4), 489-504.
  • Shatskikh, S. Y., and Melkumova, L. E. (2016). Normality assumption in statistical data analysis. Proceedings from ITNT-2016: International Conference Information Technology and Nanotechnology. Samara, Russia: CEUR-Workshop. 28 Ekim 2019 tarihinde http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1638/Paper90.pdfadresinden erişildi.
  • Shaw, B. A., Krause, N., Chatters, L. M., Connell, C. M., and Ingersoll-Dayton, B. (2004). Emotional support from parents early in life, aging, and health. Psychology and aging, 19(1), 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.4
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  • Siddiqui, S. (2015). Impact of self-efficacy on psychological well-being among undergraduate students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology,2(3), 5-16.
  • Singh, K., Granville, M., and Dika, S. (2002). Mathematics and science achievement: Effects of motivation, interest, and academic engagement. The Journal of Educational Research, 95(6), 323-332.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220670209596607
  • The Global Council for Happiness and Wellbeing (2019). Global happiness and wellbeing policy report 2019. New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
  • Turner, P. D. (1997, March, 24-28). Secondary analysis of qualitative data. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL, USA.28 Haziran 2019 tarihindehttps://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED412231.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Vanhoutte, B., and Nazroo, J. (2016). Life course pathways to later life wellbeing: A comparative study of the role of socio-economic position in England and the US. Journal of Population Ageing, 9(1-2), 157-177.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-015-9127-x
  • Veenhoven, R., and Dumludağ, D. (2015). İktisat ve mutluluk. İktisat ve ToplumDergisi, 58(2), 46-51.
  • Veliyev, D. (2009). Küreselleşme sürecinde Türk Dünyası. SDÜ Fen EdebiyatFakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19, 103-110.
  • Waterman, A. S. (1990). The relevance of Aristotle’s conception of eudaimonia for thepsychological study of happiness. Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology,10(1), 39-44.
  • Waterman, A. S. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,64(4), 678-691.
  • Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., and Conti, R. (2008). The implications of two conceptions of happiness (hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia) for the understanding of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 41-79.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9020-7
  • Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Williams, M. K., Bede Agocha, V., Kim, S. Y., and Brent Donnellan, M. (2010). The questionnaire for eudaimonic well-being: Psychometric properties, demographic comparisons, and evidence of validity. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 41-61.https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435208
  • Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Miller, G. E., Schulz, R., and Carver, C. S. (2003). Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(12), 1494-1508.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2017). Kazakistan-Türkiye ekonomik ve kültürel ilişkileri: Vaatler ve gerçekler. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi,6(2), 813-834.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Umut Birkan Özkan 0000-0001-8978-3213

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Özkan, U. B. (2021). Türk Coğrafyasındaki Ülkelerin Öğrencilerinde Eudaimonianın Yordayıcıları Olarak Öğrencilere İlişkin İçsel ve Dışsal Bazı Faktörler. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 10(3), 927-948. https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.741620
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e-ISSN: 2147-1606

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