Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Duyusal İşlemleme Bozuklukları

Zehra Cevher; Erkan Kurnaz

doi:10.30703/cije.1437401

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Duyusal İşlemleme Bozuklukları

Öz

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda duyusal işlemleme bozuklukları gelişimin en erken dönemi olan bebeklikten itibaren gözlenmekte ve bu sorunlar yetişkinlikte de devam etmektedir. Araştırmalar, otizmli bireylerin yaklaşık %80’inde duyusal işlemleme bozuklukları olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sorunlar DSM-5’te de OSB’nin tanılanmasında kullanılan kriterler arasında yer almaktadır. Tipik gelişim gösteren çocuklar ve diğer gelişimsel yetersizlikleri olan çocuklara kıyasla, otizmli çocuklarda duyusal işlemleme sorunlarının sıklığı ve yoğunluğunun farklılık gösterdiği ifade edilmektedir. Otizmli çocuklarda duyusal işlemleme ile ilgili sorunların bilişsel, motor, sosyal ve dil becerileri gibi çeşitli alanları doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Duyusal işlemlemeye ilişkin yaşanan bu sorunların hem otizmli birey hem de aile üzerinde olumsuz etki ve deneyimlere neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca, otizmli çocukların öğrenme, okula başlama ve devam etme, günlük yaşam aktiviteleri ve toplumsal yaşama katılımlarında pek çok soruna neden olduğu da alan yazında vurgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, OSB’nin temel yetersizlik alanlarından biri olan duyusal işlemleme bozuklukları ve OSB’li bireylerin davranışları üzerindeki olası etkileri incelenerek otizmli bireylerin öğrenmelerini ve günlük yaşamlarını kolaylaştırabilecek bazı önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

Yapılan bu çalışmada bilimsel, etik ve alıntı kurallarına uyulduğu; toplanan veriler üzerinde herhangi bir tahrifatın yapılmadığı, karşılaşılacak tüm etik ihlallerde “Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi ve Editörünün” hiçbir sorumluluğunun olmadığı, tüm sorumluluğun Sorumlu Yazara ait olduğu ve bu çalışmanın herhangi başka bir akademik yayın ortamına değerlendirme için gönderilmemiş olduğu sorumlu yazar tarafından taahhüt edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

Ahmed, S., Waseem, H., Sadaf, A., Ashiq, R., Basit, H., & Rose, S. (2021). Daily living tasks affected by sensory and motor problems in children with autism aged 5–12 years. J. Health Med. Nurs, 92, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.7176/JHMN/92-02
Arslan, R. and Sağlam, M. (2021). Investigating the effects of sensory development support program prepared for mothers on sensory and social development of children with autism. PJMHS, 15(9), 2624-2629. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592624
Ashburner, J., Bennett, L., Rodger, S., & Ziviani, J. (2013). Understanding the sensory experiences of young people with autism spectrum disorder: A preliminary investigation. Australian occupational therapy journal, 60(3), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12025
Ashburner, J., Ziviani, J., & Rodger, S. (2008). Sensory processing and classroom emotional, behavioral, and educational outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(5), 564-573. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.62.5.564
Asperger, H. (1944). Die „Autistischen Psychopathen” im Kindesalter. Archiv für psychiatrie und nervenkrankheiten, 117(1), 76-136.
Association, A. P. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub.
Ayres, A. J. (1972). Sensory integration and learning disorders. Los Angeles, Calif., Western Psychological Services. http://archive.org/details/sensoryintegrati00ayre
Ayres, A. J. ve Robbins, J. (2005). Sensory integration and the child: Understanding hidden sensory challenges: Western Psychological Services.

Baranek, G. T. (1999). Autism during infancy: A retrospective video analysis of sensory-motor and social behaviors at 9–12 months of age. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 29,213-224. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023080005650
Baranek, G. T., Parham, L. D. ve Bodfish, J. W. (2005). Sensory andmotor features in autism: Assessment and intervention.
Baranek, G. T., Watson, L. R., Boyd, B. A., Poe, M. D., David, F. J., & McGuire, L. (2013). Hyporesponsiveness to social and nonsocial sensory stimuli in children with autism, children with developmental delays, and typically developing children. Development and psychopathology, 25(2), 307- 320. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412001071
Ben-Sasson, A., Gal, E., Fluss, R., Katz-Zetler, N., & Cermak, S. A. (2019). Update of a meta-analysis of sensory symptoms in ASD: A new decade of research. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49, 4974-4996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04180-0
Ben-Sasson, A., Hen, L., Fluss, R., Cermak, S. A., Engel-Yeger, B., & Gal, E. (2009). A meta-analysis of sensory modulation symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 39, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0593-3.
Bhat, A. N., Landa, R. J., & Galloway, J. C. (2011). Current perspectives on motor functioning in infants, children, and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Physical therapy, 91(7), 1116-1129. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100294
Blanche, E. I., Reinoso, G., Chang, M. C. ve Bodison, S. (2012). Proprioceptive processing difficulties among children with autism spectrum disorders and developmental disabilities. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(5), 621-624. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2012.004234
Bogdashina, O. (2016). Sensory perceptual issues in autism and asperger syndrome: different sensory experiences-different perceptual worlds: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Bundy, A. C., Shia, S., Qi, L., & Miller, L. J. (2007). How does sensory processing dysfunction affect play?. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(2), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.61.2.201
Camarata, S., Miller, L. J., & Wallace, M. T. (2020). Evaluating sensory integration/sensory processing treatment: issues and analysis. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 14, 55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2020.556660
Cañigueral, R., & Hamilton, A. F. D. C. (2019). The role of eye gaze during natural social interactions in typical and autistic people. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 560. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00560
Case-Smith, J., Weaver, L., & Fristad, M. (2014). A systematic review of sensory processing interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 19(2), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361313517762
Cascio, C. J., Woynaroski, T., Baranek, G. T., & Wallace, M. T. (2016). Toward an interdisciplinary approach to understanding sensory function in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 9(9), 920- 925. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1612
Cermak, S. A. ve Larkin, D. (2002). Developmental coordination disorder: Cengage Learning.
Cermak, S. A., Curtin, C., & Bandini, L. G. (2010). Food selectivity and sensory sensitivity in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(2), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.10.032
Chistol, L. T., Bandini, L. G., Must, A., Phillips, S., Cermak, S. A., & Curtin, C. (2018). Sensory sensitivity and food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 48, 583-591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3340-9
Cosbey, J., Johnston, S. S. ve Dunn, M. L. (2010). Sensory processing disorders and social participation. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(3), 462-473. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2010.09076
Crollick, J. L., Mancil, G. R. ve Stopka, C. (2006). Physical activity for children with autism spectrum disorder. Teaching Elementary Physical Education, 17(2), 30-34.
Dawson, G., Osterling, J., Meltzoff, A. N. ve Kuhl, P. (2000). Case study of the development of an infant with autism from birth to two years of age. Journal of applied developmental psychology, 21(3), 299-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(99)00042-8
Delaney, T. (2009). 101 Games and Activities for Children with Autism, Asperger’s and Sensory Processing Disorders: McGraw Hill Professional.
Dowell, L., & Wallace, M. T. (2009). Unisensory and multisensory disruptions in autism spectrum disorders. VRN Reviews Neuroscience at Vanderbilt.
Downey, R., & Rapport, M. J. K. (2012). Motor activity in children with autism: a review of current literature. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 24(1), 2-20. DOI: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e31823db95f
DuCharme, R. W. ve Gullotta, T. P. (2013). Asperger syndrome: A guide for professionals and families: Springer Science ve Business Media.
Dunn, W. (1994). Performance of typical children on the sensory profile: An item analysis. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 48(11), 967-974. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.48.11.967
Dunn, W. (1997). The impact of sensory processing abilities on the daily lives of young children and their families: A conceptual model. Infants & Young Children, 9(4), 23-35.
Dunn, W. (2007). Supporting children to participate successfully in everyday life by using sensory processing knowledge. Infants and Young Children, 20(2), 84-101. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.IYC.0000264477.05076.5d
Dziuk, M., Larson, J. G., Apostu, A., Mahone, E. M., Denckla, M.B. & Mostofsky, S. H. (2007). Dyspraxia in autism: association with motor, social, and communicative deficits. Developmental Medicine ve Child Neurology, 49(10), 734- 739. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00734.x
Emmons, P. ve Anderson, L. (2005). Understanding sensory dysfunction: learning, development and sensory dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, learning disabilities and bipolar disorder: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
Ermer, J., & Dunn, W. (1998). The Sensory Profile: A discriminant analysis of children with and without disabilities. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(4), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.52.4.283
Fernández-Andrés, M. I., Pastor-Cerezuela, G., Sanz-Cervera, P., & Tárraga-Mínguez, R. (2015). A comparative study of sensory processing in children with and without autism spectrum disorder in the home and classroom environments. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 38, 202-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.034
Fisher, A. G., Murray, E. A. ve Bundy, A. C. (1991). Sensory integration: Theory and practice: FA Davis Company.
Goldberg, J. M. ve Fernandez, C. (1984). The vestibular system. Handbook of physiology–the nervous system III. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Md, 916-977.
Green, D., Baird, G., Barnett, A. L., Henderson, L., Huber, J., & Henderson, S. E. (2002). The severity and nature of motor impairment in Asperger's syndrome: a comparison with specific developmental disorder of motor function. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 43(5), 655-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00054
Günal, A., Bumin, G., & Huri, M. (2019). The effects of motor and cognitive impairments on daily living activities and quality of life in children with autism. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 12(4), 444-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2019.1604286
Hazen, E. P., Stornelli, J. L., O’Rourke, J. A., Koesterer, K., & McDougle, C. J. (2014). Sensory symptoms in autism spectrum disorders. Harvard review of psychiatry, 22(2), 112-124. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HRP.0000445143.08773.58
Hochhauser, M., & Engel-Yeger, B. (2010). Sensory processing abilities and their relation to participation in leisure activities among children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(4), 746-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.01.015
Howard, A. R. H., Lynch, A. K., Call, C. D., & Cross, D. R. (2020). Sensory processing in children with a history of maltreatment: an occupational therapy perspective. Vulnerable children and youth studies, 15(1), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2019.1687963
Humphries, T. W., Snider, L. ve McDougall, B. (1993). Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of sensory integrative and perceptual motor therapy in improving sensory integrative function in children with learning disabilities. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 13(3), 163-182. https://doi.org/10.1177/153944929301300302
Jansiewicz, E. M., Goldberg, M. C., Newschaffer, C. J., Denckla, M. B., Landa, R. ve Mostofsky, S. H. (2006). Motor signs distinguish children with high functioning autism and Asperger’s syndrome from controls. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 36(5), 613-621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0109-y
Kaldy, Z., Kraper, C., Carter, A. S., & Blaser, E. (2011). Toddlers with autism spectrum disorder are more successful at visual search than typically developing toddlers. Developmental science, 14(5), 980-988. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 7687.2011.01053.x
Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact.
Nervous child, 2(3), 217-250.
Kern, J. K., Garver, C. R., Grannemann, B. D., Trivedi, M. H., Carmody, T., Andrews, A. A. ve Mehta, J. A. (2007). Response to vestibular sensory events in autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.07.006
Kientz, M. A., & Dunn, W. (1997). A comparison of the performance of children with and without autism on the Sensory Profile. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51(7), 530-537. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.51.7.530
Kranowitz, C. S. (2005). The out-of-sync child: Recognizing and coping with sensory processing disorder: Penguin.
Lane, A. E. (2021). Sensory subtypes in autism spectrum disorder. In E. Gal & N. Yirmiya (Eds.), Repetitive and Restricted Behaviors and Interests in Autism Spectrum Disorders: From Neurobiology to Behavior (pp. 77-90).
Lane, A., Harpster, K., & Heathcock, J. (2012). Motor characteristics of young children referred for possible autism spectrum disorder. Pediatric physical therapy: the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association, 24(1), 21. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e31823e071a
Larkey, S. (2007). Practical sensory programmes for students with autism spectrum disorders: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Leekam, S. R., Nieto, C., Libby, S. J., Wing, L., & Gould, J. (2007). Describing the sensory abnormalities of children and adults with autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 37, 894-910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803006-0218-7
Leonard, H. C., Bedford, R., Charman, T., Elsabbagh, M., Johnson, M. H., Hill, E. L., & BASIS team. (2014). Motor development in children at risk of autism: a follow-up study of infant siblings. Autism, 18(3), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361312470037
Levy, S. E., Mandell, D. S., Merhar, S., Ittenbach, R. F., & Pinto- Martin, J. A. (2003). Use of complementary and alternative medicine among children recently diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 24(6), 418-423. https://doi.org/0196-206X/00/2406-0418.
Lindly, O., Thorburn, S., & Zuckerman, K. (2018). Use and nondisclosure of complementary health approaches among US children with developmental disabilities. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics: JDBP, 39(3), 217. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000536
Little, L. M., Dean, E., Tomchek, S. D., & Dunn, W. (2017). Classifying sensory profiles of children in the general population. Child: care, health and development, 43(1), 81- 88.
Liu, T. (2013). Sensory processing and motor skill performance in elementary school children with autism spectrum disorder. Perceptual and motor skills, 116(1), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.2466/10.25.PMS.116.1.197-209
Marco, E. J., Hinkley, L. B., Hill, S. S., & Nagarajan, S. S. (2011). Sensory processing in autism: a review of neurophysiologic findings. Pediatric research, 69(8), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182130c54
Masterton, B. ve Biederman, G. (1983). Proprioceptive versus visual control in autistic children. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 13(2), 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531815
Miller, L. J., Anzalone, M. E., Lane, S. J., Cermak, S. A., & Osten, E. T. (2007). Concept Evolution in Sensory Integration: A Proposed Nosology for Diagnosis. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(2), 135-140. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.61.2.135
Myles, B. S. (2000). Asperger syndrome and sensory issues: Practical solutions for making sense of the world: AApC publishing.
National Autism Center (2015). Findings and conclusions: National standards project, phase 2. Randolph, MA: National Autism Center.
Nayate, A., Bradshaw, J. L. ve Rinehart, N. J. (2005). Autism and Asperger's disorder: are they movement disorders involving the cerebellum and/or basal ganglia? Brain research bulletin, 67(4), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.07.011
Ornitz, E. M. (1970). Vestibular dysfunction in schizophrenia and childhood autism. Comprehensive psychiatry, 11(2), 159-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440X(70)90157-4
Ornitz, E. M. (1974). The modulation of sensory input and motor output in autistic children. Journal of autism and childhood schizophrenia, 4(3), 197-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02115226
Panerai, S., Ferri, R., Catania, V., Zingale, M., Ruccella, D., Gelardi, D., & Elia, M. (2020). Sensory profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder with and without feeding problems: A comparative study in sicilian subjects. Brain Sciences, 10(6), 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060336
Parham, L. D. (1998). The relationship of sensory integrative development to achievement in elementary students: Four- year longitudinal patterns. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 18(3), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/153944929801800
Paterson, H., & Peck, K. (2011). Sensory processing ability and eating behaviour in children with autism. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 24(3), 301-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2011.01175_31.x
Pergantis, P., & Drigas, A. (2023). Sensory integration therapy as enabler for developing emotional intelligence in children with autism spectrum disorder and the ICT’s role. Brazilian Journal of Science, 2(12), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v2i12.422
Provost, B., Heirnerl, S., & Lopez, B. R. (2007). Levels of gross and fine motor development in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 27(3).
Reynolds, A. M., & Malow, B. A. (2011). Sleep and autism spectrum disorders. Pediatric Clinics, 58(3), 685-698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.009
Reynolds, S., Lane, S. J., & Thacker, L. (2012). Sensory processing, physiological stress, and sleep behaviors in children with and without autism spectrum disorders. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 32(1), 246-257. https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20110513-02
Ricon, T., Sorek, R., & Engel Yeger, B. (2017). Association between sensory processing by children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder and their daily routines. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 5(4), 3. https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.1337
Ringold, S. M., McGuire, R. W., Jayashankar, A., Kilroy, E., Butera, C. D., Harrison, L., & Aziz-Zadeh, L. (2022).
Sensory modulation in children with developmental coordination disorder compared to autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children. Brain Sciences, 12(9), 1171. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091171
Robertson, C. E., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2017). Sensory perception in autism. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 18(11), 671-684. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2017.112
Rogers, S. J., Hepburn, S., & Wehner, E. (2003). Parent reports of sensory symptoms in toddlers with autism and those with other developmental disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 33, 631-642. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JADD.0000006000. 38991.a7
Roll, R., Gilhodes, J., Roll, J., Popov, K., Charade, O. ve Gurfinkel, V. (1998). Proprioceptive information processing in weightlessness. Experimental brain research, 122(4), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210050527
Sanz-Cervera, P., Pastor-Cerezuela, G., González-Sala, F., Tárraga-Mínguez, R., & Fernández-Andrés, M. I. (2017). Sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the home and classroom contexts. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1772. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01772
Schaaf, R. C., & Lane, A. E. (2015). Toward a best-practice protocol for assessment of sensory features in ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 1380-1395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2299-z
Schaaf, R. C., Toth-Cohen, S., Johnson, S. L., Outten, G., & Benevides, T. W. (2011). The everyday routines of families of children with autism: Examining the impact of sensory processing difficulties on the family. autism, 15(3), 373-389. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361310386
Schreck, K. A., & Williams, K. (2006). Food preferences and factors influencing food selectivity for children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in developmental disabilities, 27(4), 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2005.03.005
Sher, B. (2009). Early intervention games: fun, joyful ways to develop social and motor skills in children with Autism Spectrum or sensory processing disorders. John Wiley & Sons.
Stins, J. F., & Emck, C. (2018). Balance performance in autism: A brief overview. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 901. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00901
Tomchek, S. D., & Dunn, W. (2007). Sensory processing in children with and without autism: a comparative study using the short sensory profile. The American journal of occupational therapy, 61(2), 190-200. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.61.2.190
Tomchek, S. D., Little, L. M., & Dunn, W. (2015). Sensory pattern contributions to developmental performance in children with autism spectrum disorder. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(5), https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2015.018044
Turner-Brown, L. M., Baranek, G. T., Reznick, J. S., Watson, L. R., & Crais, E. R. (2013). The First Year Inventory: A longitudinal follow-up of 12-month-old to 3-year-old children. Autism 17(5), 527-540. https://doi.org/10.1177/136236131243963
Türer, F., ve Köse, S. (2023). Nörogelişimsel Bozukluklar ve Duyusal İşlemleme. Turkish Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2021.40427
Tzischinsky, O., Meiri, G., Manelis, L., Bar-Sinai, A., Flusser, H., Michaelovski, A., … & Dinstein, I. (2018). Sleep disturbances are associated with specific sensory sensitivities in children with autism. Molecular Autism, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0206-8
Vasa, R. A., Keefer, A., McDonald, R. G., Hunsche, M. C., & Kerns, C. M. (2020). A scoping review of anxiety in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 13(12), 2038-2057. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2395
Weitlauf, A. S., Sathe, N., McPheeters, M. L. ve Warren, Z. E. (2017). Interventions targeting sensory challenges in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Pediatrics, 139(6), e20170347. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0347
Whyatt, C. ve Craig, C. (2013). Sensory-motor problems in Autism. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 7, 51. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2013.00051
Williams, K. E., Gibbons, B. G., & Schreck, K. A. (2005). Comparing selective eaters with and without developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 17, 299-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-005-4387-7
Zetler, N. K., Cermak, S. A., Engel-Yeger, B., Baranek, G., & Gal, E. (2022). Association between sensory features and high- order repetitive and restricted behaviors and interests among children with autism spectrum disorder. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 76(3). https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.048082
Zobel-Lachiusa, J., Andrianopoulos, M. V., Mailloux, Z., & Cermak, S. A. (2015). Sensory differences and mealtime behavior in children with autism. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(5). https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2015.695001
Zoenen, D., & Delvenne, V. (2018). Treatment of sensory information in neurodevelopmental disorders. Revue medicale de Bruxelles, 39(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.30637/2018.17-073

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Otistik Çocuklar Eğitimi , Otizm ve Spekrum Bozukluğu Eğitimi

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

Zehra Cevher ^*
0000-0002-1979-4993
Türkiye

Erkan Kurnaz
0000-0001-8905-8011
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Eylül 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

14 Şubat 2024

Kabul Tarihi

28 Mayıs 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1437401

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA38MP39MY

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Cevher, Z., & Kurnaz, E. (2024). Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Duyusal İşlemleme Bozuklukları. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 13(3), 710-723. https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1437401

Cited By

The Silent Scream of Children with Special Needs: Problems in School Buses

Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi

https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1648443