Araştırma Makalesi
3-6 Yaş Çocuğa Sahip Ebeveynlerin Duygusal İstismar Potansiyellerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, 3-6 yaş çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin duygusal istismar potansiyellerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırma çalışma grubu 3-6 yaş aralığında çocuğa sahip ve çocuğu resmi okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 464 ebeveynden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların duygusal istismar potansiyellerini ölçmek amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “3-6 Yaş Çocuğa Sahip Ebeveynlere Yönelik Duygusal İstismar Potansiyeli Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde parametrik olmayan testlerden Mann Whitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır. Annelerin babalara göre çocuklarına daha fazla duygusal istismarda bulundukları, üniversite mezunu ebeveynlerin duygusal istismara neden olan davranışları daha fazla sergilerken, lisansüstü mezunu ebeveynlerin ise önleyici davranışları daha fazla sergiledikleri yönünde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Ebeveynlerin yaşları arttıkça duygusal istismarı önleme potansiyellerinin arttığı, çocuk sayısı bakımından ise tek çocuklu ebeveynlerin duygusal istismarı önleme ve duygusal istismara neden olma boyutunda anlamlı farklılık oluşturdukları görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Al Dosari, M. N., Ferwana, M., Abdulmajeed, I., Aldossari, K. K., and Al-Zahrani, J. M. (2017). Parents' perceptions about child abuse and their impact on physical and emotional child abuse: A study from primary health care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of family and community medicine, 24(2), 79.
- Brucker, C., Alexander, N. J., Hodgen, G. D., and Sandow, B. A. (1991). Transforming growth factor‐alpha augments meiotic maturation of cumulus cell‐enclosed mouse oocytes. Molecular reproduction and development, 28(1), 94-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080280115
- Buser, T., and Hackney, H. (2012). Explanatory style as a mediator between childhood emotional abuse and nonsuicidal self-injury. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(2), 154-169. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.34.2.j714850564663545
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı istatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum, PegemA Yayıncılık, Genişletilmiş 18. Baskı, Ankara.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., ve Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 1-360. https://doi.org/10.14527/9789944919289
- Campbell, A. M., and Hibbard, R. (2014). More than words: the emotional maltreatment of children. Pediatric Clinics, 61(5), 959-970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2014.06.004
- Claussen, A. H., and Crittenden, P. M. (1991). Physical and psychological maltreatment: Relations among types of maltreatment. Child abuse and neglect, 15(1-2), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(91)90085-R Cohen, L., Manion, L., and Morrison, K. (2002). Research methods in education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203224342
- Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Bethea, L., King, M. R., and McKeown, R. E. (2000). Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence. Archives of family medicine, 9(5), 451. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfami.9.5.451
- Daniel, B., Taylor, J., and Scott, J. (2010). Recognition of neglect and early response: overview of a systematic review of the literature. Child and Family Social Work, 15(2), 248-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2009.00670.x
- Dikeçligil, B. Ve Çiğdem, A. (1991). Aile yazıları 1 temel kavramlar ve tarihi süreçler. Ankara: Aile Araştırma Kurumu.
- Edleson, J. L. (1999). The overlap between child maltreatment and woman battering. Violence against women, 5(2), 134-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780129952003
- Egeland, B., Sroufe, L. A., and Erickson, M. (1983). The developmental consequence of different patterns of maltreatment. Child abuse and neglect, 7(4), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(83)90053-4
- Eija, P., Mika, H., Aune, F., and Leila, L. (2014). How public health nurses identify and intervene in child maltreatment based on the national clinical guideline. Nursing research and practice, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/425460
- Finkelhor, D., and Korbin, J. (1988). Child abuse as an international issue. Child Abuse and Neglect, 12(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(88)90003-8
- Firestone, R. W. (1993). The Universality of Emotional Child Abuse.
- Glaser, D. (2002). Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): A conceptual framework. Child abuse and neglect, 26(6-7), 697-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00342-3
- Güler, N., Uzun, S., Boztaş, Z., ve Aydoğan, S. (2002). The behaviours of mothers who perform physical or emotional abuse/neglect of their children. CÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 128-34.
- Higgins, D. J., and McCabe, M. P. (2000). Multi‐type maltreatment and the long‐term adjustment of adults. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, 9(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0852(200001/02)9:1<6::AID-CAR579>3.0.CO;2-W
- Horwath, J. (2007). Living with child neglect: the impact on children. Child Neglect: Identification and Assessment. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 41-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20982-4_3
- Jain, A. M. (1999). Emergency department evaluation of child abuse. Emergency medicine clinics of North America, 17(3), 575-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70083-3
- Kacker, L., Mohsin, N., Dixit, A., Varadan, S., and Kumar, P. (2007). Study on child abuse: India, 2007. Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India.
- Karasar, N.(2006). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel yayın Dağıtım.
- Kozcu, Ş. (1991). Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali. Aile Yazıları, 5(3), 380.
- Köknel, Ö. (2001). Kimliğini arayan gençliğimiz. İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar.
- Maciejewski, P. K., and Mazure, C. M. (2006). Fear of criticism and rejection mediates an association between childhood emotional abuse and adult onset of major depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(1), 105-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9012-2
- McDonald, R., Jouriles, E. N., Ramisetty-Mikler, S., Caetano, R., and Green, C. E. (2006). Estimating the number of American children living in partner-violent families. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.137
- Meinck, F., Cluver, L. D., Boyes, M. E., and Loening-Voysey, H. (2016). Physical, emotional and sexual adolescent abuse victimisation in South Africa: prevalence, incidence, perpetrators and locations. J Epidemiol Community Health, jech-2015. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-205860
- Örsel, S., Karadağ, H., Kahİloğullari, A. K., ve Aktaş, E. A. (2011). Psikiyatri hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmalarının sıklığı ve psikopatoloji ile ilişkisi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(2).
- Perry, B. D. (2002). Childhood experience and the expression of genetic potential: What childhood neglect tells us about nature and nurture. Brain and mind, 3(1), 79-100. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016557824657
- Peterson, C., and Park, N. (2006). Character strengths in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(8), 1149-1154. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.398
- Pituch, K. A., and Stevens, J. P. (2015). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences: Analyses with SAS and IBM’s SPSS. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315814919
- Polansky, N. A., Gaudin Jr, J. M., Ammons, P. W., and Davis, K. B. (1985). The psychological ecology of the neglectful mother. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9(2), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(85)90019-5
- Polat, Ö. (2007). Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk istismarı. Ankara: Seçkin yayıncılık.
- Putnam, F.W. (2003). Ten-Year Research Update Review: Child Sexual Abuse. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 42(3). 269-278.
- Rimsza, M. E., Schackner, R. A., Bowen, K. A., and Marshall, W. (2002). Can child deaths be prevented? The Arizona child fatality review program experience. Pediatrics, 110(1), e11-e11. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.1.e11
- Rose, D. T., and Abramson, L. (1992). IX developmental predictors cf depressive cognitive style: research and theory. Developmental perspectives on depression, 4, 323.
- Shumba, A. (2002). The nature, extent and effects of emotional abuse on primary school pupils by teachers in Zimbabwe. Child abuse and neglect, 26(8), 783-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00351-4
- Siyez, D. M. (2003). Duygusal istismara maruz kalan ve kalmayan ergenlerin benlik algıları ile depresyon ve kaygı düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması Yayınlanmamış doktora ezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
- Srinivasan, T. N., and Raman, K. J. (1988). Early child parent separation and risk for childhood psychopathology. Indian journal of psychiatry, 30(3), 283.
- Taner, Y., ve Gökler, B. (2004). Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali: Psikiyatrik yönleri. Acta Medica, 35(2), 82-86.
- Taşdelen, N. (1995). Examination of the effects of perceived psychological maltreatment of mothers on adolescent’s self concept, emotional and behavioral problems and scademic achievement. (Master Thesis, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi).
- Tercan, M. (1995). Çocuğun ana babası tarafından fiziksel istismarı ve ihmali. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Tercıer, A. (2008). Child Abuse. Louis: Mosby.
- Trickett, E. J. (2009). Multilevel community-based culturally situated interventions and community impact: An ecological perspective. American Journal of Community Psychology, 43(3-4), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-009-9227-y
- UNICEF, (2010). Türkiye'de çocuk istismarı ve aile içi şiddet araştırması özet raporu. http://www.unicef.org.tr/files/bilgimerkezi/doc/cocuk-istismari-raporu-tr.pdf adresinden erişildi.
- World Health Organization. (1995). Violence. A public health priority. Geneva: WHO.
- World Health Organization. (2006). The world health report 2006: working together for health. World Health Organization.
- Wright, M. O. D., Crawford, E., and Del Castillo, D. (2009). Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students: The mediating role of maladaptive schemas. Child abuse and neglect, 33(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.007
- Zoroğlu, S. S., Tüzün, Ü., Sar, V., Öztürk, M., Kora, M. E., ve Alyanak, B. (2001). Çocukluk dönemi istismar ve ihmalinin olasi sonuçlari1/Probable results of childhood abuse and neglect. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2(2), 69.
Examination of the Parents' Emotional Abuse Potentials Having 3-6-Year-Old Children in terms of Some Variables
Öz
The purpose of this study is, to examine the parents' emotional abuse potentials having 3-6-year-oldchildren in terms of some variables. A study group of the examination involves 464 parents who have children between 3-6 age, and whose children continue having education in formal pre-school institutions. For the purpose of measuring the emotional abuse potentials of the parents who attended the study, "Parents' Emotional Abuse Potentials Having 3-6-Year-Old Children Scale" was used that was developed by the researchers. In the analysis of the data, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used among non-parametric tests. As a result of our study, it was detected that mothers abuse kids emotionally more than the fathers, and some significant differences that bachelors show behaviours causing emotional abuse more, while postgraduates show more preventer behaviours. It was seen that the older parents get, the more their potentials of avoiding emotional abuse increase, in point of the number of children, it was found that parents with one child create some significant differences in terms of preventing the emotional abuse and causing the emotional abuse.
Keywords: Parents, child, emotional abuse, neglect, pre-school.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Al Dosari, M. N., Ferwana, M., Abdulmajeed, I., Aldossari, K. K., and Al-Zahrani, J. M. (2017). Parents' perceptions about child abuse and their impact on physical and emotional child abuse: A study from primary health care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of family and community medicine, 24(2), 79.
- Brucker, C., Alexander, N. J., Hodgen, G. D., and Sandow, B. A. (1991). Transforming growth factor‐alpha augments meiotic maturation of cumulus cell‐enclosed mouse oocytes. Molecular reproduction and development, 28(1), 94-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080280115
- Buser, T., and Hackney, H. (2012). Explanatory style as a mediator between childhood emotional abuse and nonsuicidal self-injury. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(2), 154-169. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.34.2.j714850564663545
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı istatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum, PegemA Yayıncılık, Genişletilmiş 18. Baskı, Ankara.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., ve Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 1-360. https://doi.org/10.14527/9789944919289
- Campbell, A. M., and Hibbard, R. (2014). More than words: the emotional maltreatment of children. Pediatric Clinics, 61(5), 959-970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2014.06.004
- Claussen, A. H., and Crittenden, P. M. (1991). Physical and psychological maltreatment: Relations among types of maltreatment. Child abuse and neglect, 15(1-2), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(91)90085-R Cohen, L., Manion, L., and Morrison, K. (2002). Research methods in education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203224342
- Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Bethea, L., King, M. R., and McKeown, R. E. (2000). Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence. Archives of family medicine, 9(5), 451. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfami.9.5.451
- Daniel, B., Taylor, J., and Scott, J. (2010). Recognition of neglect and early response: overview of a systematic review of the literature. Child and Family Social Work, 15(2), 248-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2009.00670.x
- Dikeçligil, B. Ve Çiğdem, A. (1991). Aile yazıları 1 temel kavramlar ve tarihi süreçler. Ankara: Aile Araştırma Kurumu.
- Edleson, J. L. (1999). The overlap between child maltreatment and woman battering. Violence against women, 5(2), 134-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780129952003
- Egeland, B., Sroufe, L. A., and Erickson, M. (1983). The developmental consequence of different patterns of maltreatment. Child abuse and neglect, 7(4), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(83)90053-4
- Eija, P., Mika, H., Aune, F., and Leila, L. (2014). How public health nurses identify and intervene in child maltreatment based on the national clinical guideline. Nursing research and practice, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/425460
- Finkelhor, D., and Korbin, J. (1988). Child abuse as an international issue. Child Abuse and Neglect, 12(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(88)90003-8
- Firestone, R. W. (1993). The Universality of Emotional Child Abuse.
- Glaser, D. (2002). Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): A conceptual framework. Child abuse and neglect, 26(6-7), 697-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00342-3
- Güler, N., Uzun, S., Boztaş, Z., ve Aydoğan, S. (2002). The behaviours of mothers who perform physical or emotional abuse/neglect of their children. CÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 128-34.
- Higgins, D. J., and McCabe, M. P. (2000). Multi‐type maltreatment and the long‐term adjustment of adults. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, 9(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0852(200001/02)9:1<6::AID-CAR579>3.0.CO;2-W
- Horwath, J. (2007). Living with child neglect: the impact on children. Child Neglect: Identification and Assessment. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 41-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20982-4_3
- Jain, A. M. (1999). Emergency department evaluation of child abuse. Emergency medicine clinics of North America, 17(3), 575-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70083-3
- Kacker, L., Mohsin, N., Dixit, A., Varadan, S., and Kumar, P. (2007). Study on child abuse: India, 2007. Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India.
- Karasar, N.(2006). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel yayın Dağıtım.
- Kozcu, Ş. (1991). Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali. Aile Yazıları, 5(3), 380.
- Köknel, Ö. (2001). Kimliğini arayan gençliğimiz. İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar.
- Maciejewski, P. K., and Mazure, C. M. (2006). Fear of criticism and rejection mediates an association between childhood emotional abuse and adult onset of major depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(1), 105-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9012-2
- McDonald, R., Jouriles, E. N., Ramisetty-Mikler, S., Caetano, R., and Green, C. E. (2006). Estimating the number of American children living in partner-violent families. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.137
- Meinck, F., Cluver, L. D., Boyes, M. E., and Loening-Voysey, H. (2016). Physical, emotional and sexual adolescent abuse victimisation in South Africa: prevalence, incidence, perpetrators and locations. J Epidemiol Community Health, jech-2015. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-205860
- Örsel, S., Karadağ, H., Kahİloğullari, A. K., ve Aktaş, E. A. (2011). Psikiyatri hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmalarının sıklığı ve psikopatoloji ile ilişkisi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(2).
- Perry, B. D. (2002). Childhood experience and the expression of genetic potential: What childhood neglect tells us about nature and nurture. Brain and mind, 3(1), 79-100. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016557824657
- Peterson, C., and Park, N. (2006). Character strengths in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(8), 1149-1154. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.398
- Pituch, K. A., and Stevens, J. P. (2015). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences: Analyses with SAS and IBM’s SPSS. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315814919
- Polansky, N. A., Gaudin Jr, J. M., Ammons, P. W., and Davis, K. B. (1985). The psychological ecology of the neglectful mother. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9(2), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(85)90019-5
- Polat, Ö. (2007). Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk istismarı. Ankara: Seçkin yayıncılık.
- Putnam, F.W. (2003). Ten-Year Research Update Review: Child Sexual Abuse. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 42(3). 269-278.
- Rimsza, M. E., Schackner, R. A., Bowen, K. A., and Marshall, W. (2002). Can child deaths be prevented? The Arizona child fatality review program experience. Pediatrics, 110(1), e11-e11. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.1.e11
- Rose, D. T., and Abramson, L. (1992). IX developmental predictors cf depressive cognitive style: research and theory. Developmental perspectives on depression, 4, 323.
- Shumba, A. (2002). The nature, extent and effects of emotional abuse on primary school pupils by teachers in Zimbabwe. Child abuse and neglect, 26(8), 783-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00351-4
- Siyez, D. M. (2003). Duygusal istismara maruz kalan ve kalmayan ergenlerin benlik algıları ile depresyon ve kaygı düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması Yayınlanmamış doktora ezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
- Srinivasan, T. N., and Raman, K. J. (1988). Early child parent separation and risk for childhood psychopathology. Indian journal of psychiatry, 30(3), 283.
- Taner, Y., ve Gökler, B. (2004). Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali: Psikiyatrik yönleri. Acta Medica, 35(2), 82-86.
- Taşdelen, N. (1995). Examination of the effects of perceived psychological maltreatment of mothers on adolescent’s self concept, emotional and behavioral problems and scademic achievement. (Master Thesis, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi).
- Tercan, M. (1995). Çocuğun ana babası tarafından fiziksel istismarı ve ihmali. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Tercıer, A. (2008). Child Abuse. Louis: Mosby.
- Trickett, E. J. (2009). Multilevel community-based culturally situated interventions and community impact: An ecological perspective. American Journal of Community Psychology, 43(3-4), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-009-9227-y
- UNICEF, (2010). Türkiye'de çocuk istismarı ve aile içi şiddet araştırması özet raporu. http://www.unicef.org.tr/files/bilgimerkezi/doc/cocuk-istismari-raporu-tr.pdf adresinden erişildi.
- World Health Organization. (1995). Violence. A public health priority. Geneva: WHO.
- World Health Organization. (2006). The world health report 2006: working together for health. World Health Organization.
- Wright, M. O. D., Crawford, E., and Del Castillo, D. (2009). Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students: The mediating role of maladaptive schemas. Child abuse and neglect, 33(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.007
- Zoroğlu, S. S., Tüzün, Ü., Sar, V., Öztürk, M., Kora, M. E., ve Alyanak, B. (2001). Çocukluk dönemi istismar ve ihmalinin olasi sonuçlari1/Probable results of childhood abuse and neglect. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2(2), 69.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 22 Aralık 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4 |
e-ISSN: 2147-1606