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İngilizce Yazma Becerisini Kazanma Sürecinde Karşılaşılan Sorunların Yazma Becerisi Dil Öğrenme Stratejileri İle Giderilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 77 - 100, 26.03.2021

Emine Akkaş Baysal , Gürbüz Ocak

https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.688670

Abstract

Yabancı dil öğrenen bireyler için yazma becerisi, hedef dilin öğrenilmesi ve işlevsel hale getirilmesi için en temel becerilerden birisidir. Yazma becerisi ile öğrenciler hem hedef dilin dil bilgisi kurallarını hem de kelime bilgisini bir arada kullanırken diğer taraftan bunlar arasında anlamlı ilişkiler kurarak bir bütün oluşturmaya çalışırlar. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı ortaöğretim 9. sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrencilerin İngilizce yazma becerisini kazanma sürecinde karşılaştıkları problemlerin, onlara yazma becerisi dil öğrenme stratejilerini nasıl kullanacakları öğretilerek ortadan kaldırılmasıdır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemleri arasında yer alan eylem araştırması ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında Afyonkarahisar il merkezindeki bir lisede öğrenimlerine devam eden 38 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu, gözlem formu, araştırmacı-uygulayıcı ve öğrenci günlükleri ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, yazma becerisi dil öğrenme stratejilerini kullanmaya başlayan öğrencilerin yazma etkinliklerine çok daha motivasyonu yüksek bir şeklide başladığını ve bu motivasyonun yazma sürecini olumlu anlamda etkilediğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, yazma etkinliğini yazma stratejileri kullanarak yapan öğrencilerin yazma esnasında ne yapacaklarını çok daha iyi bildikleri için etkinlikleri çok daha doğru yaptıkları gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Yazma öncesi yazma esnası yazma sonrası strateji eylem araştırması

References

  • Berry, R. (2007). Assessment for learning. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • Calp, M. (2013). Serbest ve yaratıcı yazma tekniğine göre oluşturulan kompozisyonların yazılı anlatımın niteliği ve puanlama tekniği açısından karşılaştırılması. Turkish Studies, 8(9), 879-898. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.5340
  • Canagarajah, A. (2002). Multilingual writers and the academic community: towards a critical relationship. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 1(1), 29-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1475-1585(02)00007-3.
  • Chamot, A.U. (2004). Issues in language learning strategy research and teaching. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 1(1), 14-26.
  • Cohen, A.D. (1990). Language learning. Heinle ve Heinle Publishers, Boston. Creswell, J.W. and Miller, D.L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124-131. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
  • Duffy, G. (1982). Fighting off the alligators: what research in real classrooms has to say about reading instruction. Journal of Reading Behavior, 14, 357-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/10862968209547464
  • Göçer, A. (2010). Türkçe öğretiminde yazma eğitimi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(12), 178-195.
  • Graham, S. ve Perin, D. (2007). Writing next: effective strategies to improve writing of adolescents in middle and high schools. Carnegie Corporation of New York, New York.
  • Guba, E.G. and Lincoln, Y.S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N.K. Denzin ve Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hansen, J.G. and Liu, J. (2005). Guiding principles for effective peer response. ELT Journal, 59, 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/cci004
  • He, T.H. (2005). Effects of mastery and performance goals on the composition strategy use of adult EFL writers. Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes, 61(3), 407-431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.61.3.407
  • Indra, G. (2004). The use of mind mapping strategy to improve students ‘ability in writing procedure text (an action research at the tenth grade of SMA Negeri 1 Susukan Kabupaten Semarang) (doctoral dissertation, universities negeri semarang). Journal of second language writing, 8, 1-11.
  • Jahin, J. H. (2012). The effect of peer reviewing on writing apprehension and essay writing ability of prospective EFL teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(11), 60-84. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2012v37n11.3
  • Karim, A. A. (2012). Cooperative Learning Strategies in Enhancing Students’ Writing Proficiency: The Case of Second Year LMD Students at Mohamed Khidher University (Master’s thesis). University of Mohamed Khidher Biskra, Biskra.
  • Kieft, M., Rijlaarsdam, G. and Van den Bergh, H. (2006). Writing as a learning tool: Testing the role of students’ writing strategies. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 12(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173567
  • Kustati, M. and Yuhardi, T. (2014). The effect of the peer-review technique on students’ writing ability. Studies in English Language and Education, 1(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v1i2.2671
  • Maarof, N. and Murat, M. (2013). Writing strategies used by ESL upper secondary school students. International Education Studies, 6, 47. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n4p47
  • Mays, N. and Pope, C. (1995). Qualitative research: rigour and qualitative research. British Medical Journal, 311, 109-112. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6997.109
  • Merriam, S.B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
  • Mu, C. and Carrington, S. (2007). An investigation of three Chinese students’ English writing strategies. TESL-EJ, 11(1), 1-23.
  • Nguyen, L.T.C. and Gu, Y. (2013). Strategy-based instruction: A learner-focused approach to developing learner autonomy. Language Teaching Research, 17(1), 9-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168812457528.
  • Nisbet, J. and Shucksmith, J. (1986). Learning Strategies. Routledge ve Kegan Paul, London, Boston and Henley.
  • O’Malley, J.M. and Chamot, A.U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524490
  • O’Malley, J.M., Chamot, A.U., Stewner-Manzanares, G., Kupper, L. and Russo, R.P. (1985). Learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students. Language Learning, 35(1), 21-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1985.tb01013.x
  • Ocak, G. ve Akkaş Baysal, E. (2019). Öğrenme ortamında eylem araştırması kullanan öğretmenlerin eylem araştırması hakkındaki görüşleri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 47, 283-307.
  • Ocak, G. ve Olur, B. (2019). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci: Giriş. (Ed.) G. Ocak, Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara, Pegem Akademi. https://doi.org/10.14527/9786052419649.01
  • Oxford, R.L. (1990). Language learning strategies: what every teacher should know. Newbury House, New York.
  • Patton, M.Q. (1987). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Rao, Z. (2007). Training in brainstorming and developing writing skills. ELT Journal, 61, 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccm002
  • Raoofi, S., Binandeh, M. and Rahmani, S. (2017). An ınvestigation into writing strategies and writing proficiency of university students. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8, 191-198. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0801.24
  • Ridhuan, M. and Lim, A.T. (2009). The writing strategies used by engineering ESL Malay learners. Conference of the International Journal of Arts ve Sciences. Retrieved December 27, 2010, from http://eprints.utp.edu.my/2035/.
  • Rubin, J. (1975). What the "good language learner" can teach us. TESOL Quarterly, 9, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586011
  • Rubin, J. (1987). Learner strategies: theoretical assumptions, research history and typology. In Wenden, A. and Rubin, J. (Eds.) Learner strategies in language learning. Prentice Hall International, Hemel Hempstead.
  • Sabria, O. (2016). Language learning strategies use in teaching the writing skill for EFL Algerian learners. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), 7(3), 479-486. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol7no3.33
  • Sandelowski, M. and Barroso, J. (2002). Finding the findings in qualitative studies. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 34, 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00213.x
  • Sasaki, M. (2007). Effects of study‐abroad experiences on efl writers: a multiple‐data analysis. The Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 602-620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2007.00625.x
  • Schoen, S.F. and Nolen, J. (2004). Action research: decreasing acting-out behavior and increasing learning. Teaching Exceptional Children, 37(1), 26-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005990403700103
  • Stern, H.H. (1975). What can we learn from the good language learner?. Canadian Modern Language Review, 31(2), 304-318. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.31.4.304
  • Watts-Taffe, S. and Truscott, D.M. (2000). Using what we know about language and literacy development for ESL students in the mainstream classroom. Language Arts, 77, 258-265.
  • Weigle, S.C. (2005). Second language writing expertise. In K. Johnson (Ed.), Expertise in second language learning and teaching (pp. 128-149). NY: Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523470_7
  • Weinstein, C. and Mayer, R. (1986). The Teaching of Learning Strategies. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching (315-327). Macmillan, New York.
  • Wenden, A.L. (1987). Incorporating learner training in the classroom. In Wenden, A. and Rubin, J. (eds.), Learner strategies in language learning, (159-167). NJ: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
  • Wong, A.T. (2005). Writers’ mental representations of the intended audience and of the rhetorical purpose for writing and the strategies that they employed when they composed. System, 33(1), 29-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2004.06.009
  • Yusuf, Q., Jusoh, Z. and Yusuf, Y.Q. (2019). Cooperative learning strategies to enhance writing skills among second language learners. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1399- 1412. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12189a

Eliminating the Problems Encountered in the Process of Gaining English Writing Skills with Writing Skills Language Learning Strategies

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 77 - 100, 26.03.2021

Emine Akkaş Baysal , Gürbüz Ocak

https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.688670

Abstract

For individuals learning foreign languages, writing skill is one of the basic skills for learning and functionalizing the target language. With the ability to write, students use both the grammar rules and vocabulary of the target language together, and try to form a whole by establishing meaningful relationships between them. In this context, the aim of this study is to eliminate the problems that the 9th grade students faced in the process of gaining English writing skills by teaching them how to use language learning strategies. The research was carried out with the action research. The study group of the research consists of 38 high school students in Afyonkarahisar studying in the 2018-2019 academic year. The research data were collected by a semi-structured interview form, an observation form, researcher-practitioner and student diaries. The data were collected during the treatment process. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of data. The data obtained from the diaries, the interview and observation forms show that students using language learning strategies started writing activities in a much more motivated way and this motivation positively affected the writing process. In addition, it was observed that the students who completed the writing tasks using writing strategies did the activities much more accurately because they knew what to do during the writing activity much better.

Keywords

Pre-writing during writing post-writing strategies action research

References

  • Berry, R. (2007). Assessment for learning. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • Calp, M. (2013). Serbest ve yaratıcı yazma tekniğine göre oluşturulan kompozisyonların yazılı anlatımın niteliği ve puanlama tekniği açısından karşılaştırılması. Turkish Studies, 8(9), 879-898. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.5340
  • Canagarajah, A. (2002). Multilingual writers and the academic community: towards a critical relationship. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 1(1), 29-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1475-1585(02)00007-3.
  • Chamot, A.U. (2004). Issues in language learning strategy research and teaching. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 1(1), 14-26.
  • Cohen, A.D. (1990). Language learning. Heinle ve Heinle Publishers, Boston. Creswell, J.W. and Miller, D.L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124-131. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
  • Duffy, G. (1982). Fighting off the alligators: what research in real classrooms has to say about reading instruction. Journal of Reading Behavior, 14, 357-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/10862968209547464
  • Göçer, A. (2010). Türkçe öğretiminde yazma eğitimi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(12), 178-195.
  • Graham, S. ve Perin, D. (2007). Writing next: effective strategies to improve writing of adolescents in middle and high schools. Carnegie Corporation of New York, New York.
  • Guba, E.G. and Lincoln, Y.S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N.K. Denzin ve Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hansen, J.G. and Liu, J. (2005). Guiding principles for effective peer response. ELT Journal, 59, 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/cci004
  • He, T.H. (2005). Effects of mastery and performance goals on the composition strategy use of adult EFL writers. Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes, 61(3), 407-431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.61.3.407
  • Indra, G. (2004). The use of mind mapping strategy to improve students ‘ability in writing procedure text (an action research at the tenth grade of SMA Negeri 1 Susukan Kabupaten Semarang) (doctoral dissertation, universities negeri semarang). Journal of second language writing, 8, 1-11.
  • Jahin, J. H. (2012). The effect of peer reviewing on writing apprehension and essay writing ability of prospective EFL teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(11), 60-84. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2012v37n11.3
  • Karim, A. A. (2012). Cooperative Learning Strategies in Enhancing Students’ Writing Proficiency: The Case of Second Year LMD Students at Mohamed Khidher University (Master’s thesis). University of Mohamed Khidher Biskra, Biskra.
  • Kieft, M., Rijlaarsdam, G. and Van den Bergh, H. (2006). Writing as a learning tool: Testing the role of students’ writing strategies. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 12(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173567
  • Kustati, M. and Yuhardi, T. (2014). The effect of the peer-review technique on students’ writing ability. Studies in English Language and Education, 1(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v1i2.2671
  • Maarof, N. and Murat, M. (2013). Writing strategies used by ESL upper secondary school students. International Education Studies, 6, 47. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n4p47
  • Mays, N. and Pope, C. (1995). Qualitative research: rigour and qualitative research. British Medical Journal, 311, 109-112. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6997.109
  • Merriam, S.B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
  • Mu, C. and Carrington, S. (2007). An investigation of three Chinese students’ English writing strategies. TESL-EJ, 11(1), 1-23.
  • Nguyen, L.T.C. and Gu, Y. (2013). Strategy-based instruction: A learner-focused approach to developing learner autonomy. Language Teaching Research, 17(1), 9-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168812457528.
  • Nisbet, J. and Shucksmith, J. (1986). Learning Strategies. Routledge ve Kegan Paul, London, Boston and Henley.
  • O’Malley, J.M. and Chamot, A.U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524490
  • O’Malley, J.M., Chamot, A.U., Stewner-Manzanares, G., Kupper, L. and Russo, R.P. (1985). Learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students. Language Learning, 35(1), 21-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1985.tb01013.x
  • Ocak, G. ve Akkaş Baysal, E. (2019). Öğrenme ortamında eylem araştırması kullanan öğretmenlerin eylem araştırması hakkındaki görüşleri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 47, 283-307.
  • Ocak, G. ve Olur, B. (2019). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci: Giriş. (Ed.) G. Ocak, Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara, Pegem Akademi. https://doi.org/10.14527/9786052419649.01
  • Oxford, R.L. (1990). Language learning strategies: what every teacher should know. Newbury House, New York.
  • Patton, M.Q. (1987). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Rao, Z. (2007). Training in brainstorming and developing writing skills. ELT Journal, 61, 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccm002
  • Raoofi, S., Binandeh, M. and Rahmani, S. (2017). An ınvestigation into writing strategies and writing proficiency of university students. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8, 191-198. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0801.24
  • Ridhuan, M. and Lim, A.T. (2009). The writing strategies used by engineering ESL Malay learners. Conference of the International Journal of Arts ve Sciences. Retrieved December 27, 2010, from http://eprints.utp.edu.my/2035/.
  • Rubin, J. (1975). What the "good language learner" can teach us. TESOL Quarterly, 9, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586011
  • Rubin, J. (1987). Learner strategies: theoretical assumptions, research history and typology. In Wenden, A. and Rubin, J. (Eds.) Learner strategies in language learning. Prentice Hall International, Hemel Hempstead.
  • Sabria, O. (2016). Language learning strategies use in teaching the writing skill for EFL Algerian learners. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), 7(3), 479-486. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol7no3.33
  • Sandelowski, M. and Barroso, J. (2002). Finding the findings in qualitative studies. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 34, 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00213.x
  • Sasaki, M. (2007). Effects of study‐abroad experiences on efl writers: a multiple‐data analysis. The Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 602-620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2007.00625.x
  • Schoen, S.F. and Nolen, J. (2004). Action research: decreasing acting-out behavior and increasing learning. Teaching Exceptional Children, 37(1), 26-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005990403700103
  • Stern, H.H. (1975). What can we learn from the good language learner?. Canadian Modern Language Review, 31(2), 304-318. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.31.4.304
  • Watts-Taffe, S. and Truscott, D.M. (2000). Using what we know about language and literacy development for ESL students in the mainstream classroom. Language Arts, 77, 258-265.
  • Weigle, S.C. (2005). Second language writing expertise. In K. Johnson (Ed.), Expertise in second language learning and teaching (pp. 128-149). NY: Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523470_7
  • Weinstein, C. and Mayer, R. (1986). The Teaching of Learning Strategies. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching (315-327). Macmillan, New York.
  • Wenden, A.L. (1987). Incorporating learner training in the classroom. In Wenden, A. and Rubin, J. (eds.), Learner strategies in language learning, (159-167). NJ: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
  • Wong, A.T. (2005). Writers’ mental representations of the intended audience and of the rhetorical purpose for writing and the strategies that they employed when they composed. System, 33(1), 29-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2004.06.009
  • Yusuf, Q., Jusoh, Z. and Yusuf, Y.Q. (2019). Cooperative learning strategies to enhance writing skills among second language learners. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1399- 1412. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12189a
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emine Akkaş Baysal

Gürbüz Ocak 0000-0001-8568-0364

Publication Date March 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akkaş Baysal, E., & Ocak, G. (2021). İngilizce Yazma Becerisini Kazanma Sürecinde Karşılaşılan Sorunların Yazma Becerisi Dil Öğrenme Stratejileri İle Giderilmesi. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 10(1), 77-100. https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.688670
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