Okul Öncesi Dönemde Cinsel Eğitim ve Cinsel İstismardan Korunmaya Yönelik Müdahale Programlarının İncelenmesi

Tuğçe Güzelyurt; Şeyma Atıcı; Betül Dilşad Ertekin; Sema Çelebi; Beyzanur Canol Çalkan; Berrin Akman

doi:10.30703/cije.1384057

TR EN

Okul Öncesi Dönemde Cinsel Eğitim ve Cinsel İstismardan Korunmaya Yönelik Müdahale Programlarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Araştırma kapsamında, 2017-2022 yılları arasında okul öncesi dönemde cinsel istismar, cinsel eğitim ve cinsel istismardan korunmaya yönelik yayımlanan erken müdahale programları veya içeriklerine uygun olan makaleler incelenmiştir. İncelenen araştırmaların tamamına Web of Science (WOS) veri tabanından ulaşılmıştır. WOS veri tabanının tercih edilmesindeki temel neden yüksek etki değeri ve nitelikli dergileri kapsamasıdır. “Pre-school, early child, sexual child abuse, early intervention, early intervention program, prevention program” gibi İngilizce anahtar kelimeler odağında taramalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu yılların seçilmesindeki temel gerekçe ise son yıllarda çocuk cinsel istismarında istatiksel olarak artış olmasıdır. Veri tabanlarında belirlenen 494 çalışmanın özetleri okunmuş ve cinsel istismarı önleme içeriğine sahip olan 58 çalışma detaylıca incelemek için ayrıştırılmıştır. Okul öncesi çocuklarının bulunduğu örnekleme uyma, yıl aralığında bulunma, tam metin olma gibi çeşitli dâhil olma kriterlerini sağlayan 11 çalışma detaylı olarak okunmuş ve analiz edilerek tablolaştırılmıştır. 47 çalışma ise dışlama kriterlerine uygun olarak sürecin dışında tutulmuştur. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda cinsel istismarı önlemek üzere uygulanan programlarda çocukların beden farkındalığının geliştiği, ebeveynleri ile cinsellik hakkında konuşabildiği, ebeveynlerin ise çocuklarına karşı nasıl davranacağını öğrendiği belirlenmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra bu çalışmaların uzun süreli izleme kontrollerinin de yapılmasına ve yaygınlaştırılarak paydaşlarla birlikte ele alınmasına ihtiyaç duyulduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

A study of Intervention Programs for Sexual Education and Protection from Sexual Abuse in The Preschool Years

Abstract

Within the scope of the research, early intervention programs published between 2017 and 2022 on sexual abuse, sexual education, and protection from sexual abuse in the preschool period or articles suitable for their content were examined. The investigated studies were accessed from the Web of Science (WOS) database. The main reason for choosing the WOS database is that it includes high-impact value and qualified journals. English keywords such as "preschool, early child, sexual child abuse, early intervention, early intervention program, prevention program" were searched. The main reason for choosing these years is the statistical increase in child sexual abuse in recent years. The abstracts of 494 studies identified in the databases were read, and 58 studies with sexual abuse prevention content were separated for detailed examination. Eleven studies which were issued to preschool children and provided various including criteria such as respect the sampling, presence between years, and being full-text was read and tabled by investigating. Forty seven studies were excluded from the process in accordance with the exclusion criteria. As a result of the examinations, it was determined that children's body awareness improved, could speak about sex with their parents, and parents learn how to treat their children. In addition to these, it has been determined that there is a need for follow-up studies and dissemination of the examined studies to be dealt with together with the stakeholders.

Keywords

References

Abajobir, A. A., Kisely, S., Maravilla, J. C., Williams, G., & Najman, J. M. (2017). Gender differences in the association between childhood sexual abuse and risky sexual behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 63, 249-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.023
Akgül, E., Darak, S., Sisman, F. N., & Ergun, A. (2021). Effect of the Nurse-Led" I Am the Hero of my Body” program on the sexual abuse knowledge of children: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 12(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2021.54775
Alabay, E. (2020). Cinsel istismar ve cinsel istismarı önleme amaçlı oluşturulmuş erken müdahale program örnekleri. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(12), 32-43. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/asead/issue/58844/815860
Altundağ, S. (2023). “Don’t Touch My Body!” Child Sexual Abuse Training Program for Future Pre-School Educators: A Single-Blind, Pre-Test/Post-Test, Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Nursing Research, 32(2), 337-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/10547738221141369
*Apaydın-Cırık, V., Efe, E., & Velipaşaoğlu, S. (2020). Educating children through their parents to prevent child sexual abuse in Turkey. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 56(3), 523-532. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12461
Apaydın-Cırık, V., & Karakurt, N. (2024). The effectiveness of a child and parent-oriented modular education program on the prevention of child sexual abuse knowledge and parental views: A mixed method study. Children and Youth Services Review, 107546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107546
Atia, N. S., Ahmed Abu El Soud, S. G., Mahmoud Khalil, H. E., & Mohamed Elsayed, E. H. (2023). Picture-based program for raising awareness of preschool children regarding self-protection from sexual harassment. Zagazig Nursing Journal, 19(2), 130-145. https://doi.org/10.21608/ZNJ.2023.312252
Ball, R., & Tunger, D. (2006). Science Indicators revisited- Science Citation Index versus SCOPUS: A bibliometric comparison of both citation databases. Information Services & Use, 26 (4), 293-301. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3233/ISU-2006-26404 Bayhan, P. S., & Artan, İ. (2005). Çocuk gelişimi ve eğitimi. Morpa Kültür Yayınları.

*Brown, D. M. (2017). Evaluation of safer, smarter kids: Child sexual abuse prevention curriculum for kindergartners. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 34, 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-016-0458-0
Bulut, A. (2005). Erken çocukluk döneminde cinsel eğitim. M. Sevinç (Ed.), Erken çocuklukta gelişim ve eğitimde yeni yaklaşımlar. Morpa Yayınları.
Büber, Ö., Oksal, H., & Alnak, A. (2023). Çocuk izlem merkezine başvuran vakaların incelenmesi: Bir merkezin 5 yıllık deneyimi. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 37(1), 12-18.
*Citak-Tunc, G., & Yavas, H. (2022). The impact of using creative drama in the delivery of Body Safety Training Programs for preschool children on preventing sexual abuse in Turkey. Psychology in the Schools, 59(5), 915–931. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22656
*Citak-Tunc, G., Gorak, G., Ozyazicioglu, N., Ak, B., Isil, O., & Vural, P. (2018) Preventing child sexual abuse: Body safety training for young children in Turkey. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(4), 347-364, https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1477001
*Citak-Tunc, G., Yalcintas, Sezgin, E., & Ulus, L. (2021). The effect of parent-child communication on self-protection skills at pre-schoolers: The body safety training interventions in Turkey. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 13(1), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.9756/INT-JECSE/V13I1.211011
Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health and Committee on Adolescence. (2001). Sexuality education for children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 108(2), 498-502.
Copple, C., & Bredekamp, S. (2009). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. National Association for the Education of Young Children. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.2.498
Council of Europe (2011). Kiko and the hand. https://www.coe.int/en/web/children/kiko-and-the-hand adresinden 30.03.2024 tarihinde erişildi.
Crea, T. M., Easton, S. D., Florio, J., & Barth, R. P. (2018). Externalizing behaviors among adopted children: A longitudinal comparison of preadoptive childhood sexual abuse and other forms of maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 82, 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.06.008
Çalışandemir, F., Bencik, S., & Artan, İ. (2010). Çocukların cinsel eğitimi: geçmişten günümüze bir bakış. Eğitim ve Bilim, 33(150), 15-27. https://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/download/627/97
Çeçen-Erogul, A. R., & Kaf Hasirci, O. (2013). The effectiveness of psycho-educational school-based child sexual abuse prevention training program on Turkish elementary students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), 725-729. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1017300.pdf
Çokar, M., & Ortaylı, N. (2003). Üreme Sağlığı. M. Çokar ve H. Nalbant (Ed.), Öğretmen ve Öğretmen Adayları İçin Cinsel Sağlık Eğitimi içinde (ss. 90-152). Uygun Matbaası.
Davies, C., & Robinson, K. (2010). Hatching babies and stork deliveries: Risk and regulation in the construction of children's sexual knowledge. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 11(3), 249-262. https://doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2010.11.3.249
Demircioğlu, H., & Işık, E. (2019). Çocuk cinsel istismarını önlemeye yönelik geliştirilen okul temelli programlar ve etkililikleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 32-51. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/husbdergi/issue/48418/585861
Ersoy, Ö. (2014). Cinsel gelişimle ilgili temel kavramlar ve okul öncesi dönemde cinsel eğitim. İ. Artan (Ed.), Cinsel gelişim ve eğitim içinde (ss. 10-28). Hedef Yayınları.
*Eslek, D. Kızıltepe, R., Irmak, T. Y., Mert, S., & Bozkurt H. R. (2022). An evaluation of the “I am learning to protect myself with Mika” program using the “What If” situations test. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 31(5), 562-576. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2022.2093810
Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2008). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(6), 607–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.12.018.
Fryer, G., Kraizer, S., & Miyoshi, T. (1987). Measuring children’s actual reduction of risk to child abuse: Use of the simulation technique. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11(2), 181-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(87)90056-1
Goldman, J. D. G., & Padayachi, U. K. (2000). Some methodological problems in estimating incidence and prevalence in child sexual abuse research. The Journal of Sex Research, 37, 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490009552052
Hazzard, A. (1993). Psychoeducational groups to teach children sexual abuse prevention skills. Journal of Child and Adolescent Group Therapy, 3, 13-23. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00973640 adresinden 30.03.2024 tarihinde erişildi.
Hazzard, A., Webb, C., Kleemeier, C., Angert, L., & Pohl, J. (1991). Child sexual abuse prevention: Evaluation and one-year follow-up. Child Abuse & Neglect, 15(1-2), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(91)90097-W
Hébert, M., Lavoie, F., Piché, C., & Poitras, M. (2001). Proximate effects of a child sexual abuse prevention program in elementary school children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25(4), 505-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00223-X
*Huang, S. R., & Cui, C. (2020). Preventing child sexual abuse using picture books: The effect of book character and message framing. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(4), 448-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2020.1719449
Jacso, P. (2005). As we may search-comparison of major features ofthe Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar citation-based and citation-enhanced databases. Current Science, 89(9),1537-1547. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24110924
Kahraman Yüce, L., Çetin Can, F. G., Şermet Kaya, Ş., & YILDIZ, S. (2024) Çocuk İstismarının Dava Dosyaları Üzerinden İncelenmesi: Nevşehir İli Örneği. Sağlık ve Toplum, 34 (2), 22-32.
Karaçam, Z. (2013). Sistematik derleme metodolojisi: Sistematik derleme hazırlamak için bir rehber. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi, 6(1), 26-33. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuhfed/issue/46815/587078
Karasözen, B., Bayram, Ö. G., & Zan, B. U. (2011). WoS ve Scopus veri tabanlarının karşılaştırması. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 25(2), 238-260. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tk/issue/48855/622444
Kardeş, S., & Akman, B. (2020). Okul öncesi eğitim öğretmenlerinin ve kurum yöneticilerinin erken müdahale programlarına ilişkin algılarının incelenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1), 295-317. https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.691590
Katz, C., & Hamama, L. (2013). Draw me everything that happened to you. exploring children's drawings of sexual abuse. Children & Youth Services Review, 35(5), 877-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.02.007
*Kemer, D., & İşler-Dalgıç, A. (2022). Effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention training program developed by creative drama for preschoolers: An experimental study. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 31(1), 9-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2021.1994504
Kenny, M. C. (2009). Child sexual abuse prevention: Psychoeducational groups for preschoolers and their parents. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 34(1), 24-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933920802600824
Kenny, M. C. (2010). Child sexual abuse education with ethnically diverse families: A preliminary analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(7), 981-989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.03.025
Kenny, M. C., Capri, V., Ryan, E. E., & Runyon, M. K. (2008). Child sexual abuse: from prevention to self‐protection. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, 17(1), 36-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1012
Kenny, M. C., Wurtele, S. K., & Alonso, L. (2012). Evaluation of a personal safety program with Latino preschoolers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 21(4), 368-385. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2012.675426
Keser, N., Odabaşı, E., & Elibüyük, S. (2010). Ana babaların çocuk istismarı ve ihmali konusundaki bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi, 4, 150–157. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/689269
*Khoori, E., Gholamfarkhani, S., Tatari, M., & Wurtele, S. K. (2020). Parents as teachers: mothers’ roles in sexual abuse prevention education in Gorgan, Iran. Child Abuse & Neglect, 109, 104695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104695
*Kızıltepe, R., Eslek, D., Irmak, T. Y., & Güngör, D. (2022). “I am learning to protect myself with Mika” A teacher-based child sexual abuse prevention program in Turkey. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(11–12), NP10220–NP10244. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520986272
Knack, N., Winder, B., Murphy, L., & Fedoroff, J. P. (2019). Primary and secondary prevention of child sexual abuse. International Review of Psychiatry, 31(2), 181-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2018.1541872
Krazier, S. (2002). The Safe child program. The Coalition for Children: Denver, CO. https://www.cebc4cw.org/program/the-safe-child-program/
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P., Ioannidis, J., ...Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136.
Luo, Y., Parish, W. L., & Laumann, E. O. (2008). A population-based study of childhood sexual contact in China: Prevalence and long-term consequences. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(7), 721–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.10.005
Lynas, J., & Hawkins, R. (2017). Fidelity in school-based child sexual abuse prevention programs: A systematic review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 72, 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.003
Manheim, M., Felicetti, R., & Moloney, G. (2019). Child sexual abuse victimization prevention programs in preschool and kindergarten: Implications for practice. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 28(6), 745-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2019.1627687
Marczyk, G. R., DeMatteo, D., & Festinger, D. (2005). Essentials of research design and methodology . John Wiley & Sons.
McCartan, K. F., Merdian, H. L., Perkins, D. E., & Kettleborough, D. (2018). Ethics and issues of secondary prevention efforts in child sexual abuse. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 62(9), 2548-2566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X17723951
McKibbin, G., & Humphreys, C. (2020). Future directions in child sexual abuse prevention: An Australian perspective. Child Abuse & Neglect, 105 (104422), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104422
Michailidou, K. (2015). How useful and applicable is the program The Underwear Rule for Greek parents? Parents' perspectives on the advantages and problems with the program: An interview study. Linköping University, Sweden chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://www.diva-portal.se/smash/get/diva2:824057/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Morais, H. B., Alexander, A. A., Fix, R. L., & Burkhart, B. R. (2018). Childhood sexual abuse in adolescents adjudicated for sexual offenses: Mental health consequences and sexual offending behaviors. Sexual Abuse, 30(1), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063215625224
Münzer, A., Fegert, J. M., & Goldbeck, L. (2016). Psychological symptoms of sexually victimized children and adolescents compared with other maltreatment subtypes. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(3), 326-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2016.1137667
MEB (2024). Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı – Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli. https://msganaokulu.meb.k12.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/47/01/875371/dosyalar/2024_06/24150816_turkiyeyuzyilimaarifmodeliokuloncesiprogramimebokuloncesimevzutedipgunduz.pdf
Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. bmj, 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
Russell, D., Higgins, D., & Posso, A. (2020). Preventing child sexual abuse: A systematic review of interventions and their efficacy in developing countries. Child Abuse & Neglect, 102, 104395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104395
Stone, N., Ingham, R., & Gibbins, K. (2013). ‘Where do babies come from?’Barriers to early sexuality communication between parents and young children. Sex Education, 13(2), 228-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.737776
Teke, H., & Melekoğlu, M. (2022). Erken çocukluk dönemi cinsel eğitim çalışmalarının incelenmesi: Bir sistematik derleme. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 144-160. https://doi.org/10.53629/sakaefd.1106519
The PRISMA Statement. (2022, Aralık 21). PRISMA Statement. http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/ adresinden 21.12.2022 tarihinde erişildi.
Tuğrul, B., & Artan, İ. (2001). Çocukların cinsel eğitimi ile ilgili anne görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20, 141–149. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article- file/87962
Tutty, L. M. (1997). Child sexual abuse prevention programs: Evaluating who do you tell. Child Abuse & Negl, 21 (9), 869–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00048-3
Tutty, L. M., Aubry, D., & Velasquez, L. (2020). The “Who Do You Tell?”™ child sexual abuse education program: Eight years of monitoring. Journal of child sexual abuse, 29(1), 2-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2019.1663969
Tuzcuoğlu, N., & Tuzcuoğlu, S. (2004). Çocuğun cinsel eğitimi. Morpa Kültür Yayınevi.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2021). Güvenlik birimine gelen veya getirilen çocuk istatistikleri, 2021. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen-Cocuk-Istatistikleri-2021-45586 adresinden 26.01.2023 tarihinde erişildi.
Uçar-Rasmussen, M. & Tekinarslan, İ. Ç. (2023). Teaching Sexual Abuse Prevention Skills to Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 25(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1073974
Ulusoy, F., & Akcan, A. (2023). Okul Temelli Çocuk Koruma Eğitim Programlarının Çocuk Cinsel İstismarını Önlemede Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 8(1), 174-196. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.920629
Ullman, J. (2015). Free2Be?: Exploring the schooling experiences of Australia’s sexuality and gender diverse secondary school students. Penrith: Centre for Educational Research, School of Education, Western Sydney University. https://doi.org/10.4225/35/5aa0636045a3a
Ulukol, B. (2014). Çocuk istismarına ve ihmaline yaklaşım. O. Derman (Ed.), Cinsel istismar içinde (ss. 49-56). Akademisyen Tıp Kitapevi.
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). (2021). Accelerating Action to End Violence Against Children in East Asia and the Pacific: Evidence-based and promising practices. https://www.unicef.org/eap/media/10416/file/Accelerating%20Action%20to%20End%20Violence%20Against%20Children%20in%20East%20Asia%20and%20the%20Pacific:%20Evidence-based%20and%20promising%20practices.pdf adresinden 26.01.2023 tarihinde erişildi.
Utami, D. R. R. B., & Noorratri, E. D. (2021). Prevention Children Sexual Abuse in Preschool with Picture Story Book. Gaster, 19(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.30787/gaster.v19i1.669
Uysal, H., & Akman, B. (2015). Erken müdahale programlarının erken çocukluk eğitimindeki rolü: Erken çocukluk eğitimine yapılan yatırım geleceğe yapılan yatırım mıdır?. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(3), 1053-1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.7692
Van der Zalm, Y. C., Nugteren, W. A., Hafsteinsdóttir, T. B., van der Venne, C. G., Kool, N., & van Meijel, B. (2015). Psychiatric nursing care for adult survivors of child maltreatment: A systematic review of the literature. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 51(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12059
Vanderberg, R. H., Farkas, A. H., Miller, E., Sucato, G. S., Akers, A. Y., & Borrero, S. B. (2016). Racial and/or ethnic differences in formal sex education and sex education by parents among young women in the United States. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 29(1), 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2015.06.011
Vimukthi, N. D. U., & Karunanayake, D. D. K. S. (2022). A Study on the Effects of a prevention Program to Improve Preschool Children’s Knowledge Pertaining to the Difference between Good and Bad Secrets related to Child Sexual Abuse (CSA). International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, 10(4), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.25215/1004.015
Walsh, K., Zwi, K., Woolfenden, S., & Shlonsky, A. (2018). School-Based Education Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse: A Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Research on Social Work Practice, 28(1), 33–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731515619705
World Health Organization (DSÖ/WHO). (2010). Standards for sexuality education in Europe: A framework for policy makers, educational and health authorities and specialists, Federal Centre for Health Education, BZgA. http://www.oif.ac.at/fileadmin/OEIF/andere_Publikationen/WHO_BZgA_Standards.pdf
World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Child maltreatment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment adresinden 24.01.2023. tarihinde erişildi.
Wurtele, S. K. (2007). The body safety training workbook. http://www.cebc4cw.org/program/body-safety-training-workbook/detailed adresinden 30.03.2024 tarihinde erişildi.
Yıldız, G., & Cavkaytar, A. (2017). Effectiveness of a sexual education program for mothers of young adults with intellectual disabilities on mothers’ attitudes toward sexual education and the perception of social support. Sexuality and Disability, 35 (1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-016-9465-5
*Yılmaz-Irmak, T., Kızıltepe, R., Aksel, Ş., Güngör, D., & Eslek, D. (2018). I’m learning to protect myself with Mika: Efficacy of sexual abuse prevention program. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 33(81), 41-61. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000455035700003
Zhang, W. J., Chen, J. Q., Feng, Y. N., Li, J. Y., Liu, C. F., & Zhao, X. X. (2014). Evaluation of a sexual abuse prevention education for Chinese preschoolers. Research on Social Work Practice, 24(4), 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731513510409
Zhang, W., Ren, P., Yin, G., Li, H., & Jin, Y. (2020). Sexual abuse prevention education for preschool-aged children: Parents’ attitudes, knowledge and practices in Beijing, China. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(3), 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2019.1709240

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Early Childhood Education

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Tuğçe Güzelyurt ^*
0000-0002-6577-8257
Türkiye

Şeyma Atıcı
0000-0002-8045-4779
Türkiye

Betül Dilşad Ertekin
0000-0002-1227-6982
Türkiye

Sema Çelebi
0000-0001-7446-8480
Türkiye

Beyzanur Canol Çalkan
0000-0002-9038-951X
Türkiye

Berrin Akman
0000-0001-5668-4382
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 28, 2025

Submission Date

October 31, 2023

Acceptance Date

May 8, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 14 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1384057

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA72ZU45GK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Güzelyurt, T., Atıcı, Ş., Ertekin, B. D., Çelebi, S., Canol Çalkan, B., & Akman, B. (2025). Okul Öncesi Dönemde Cinsel Eğitim ve Cinsel İstismardan Korunmaya Yönelik Müdahale Programlarının İncelenmesi. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 14(1), 27-43. https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1384057

Okul Öncesi Dönemde Cinsel Eğitim ve Cinsel İstismardan Korunmaya Yönelik Müdahale Programlarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

A study of Intervention Programs for Sexual Education and Protection from Sexual Abuse in The Preschool Years

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite

© Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Education