Kadınların Kariyer Gelişiminde Cam Tavan, Mesleki Öz Yeterlik, Rol-Model ve Güç Mesafesinin Rolü: Ordu İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü Kamu Hastaneleri Örneği

Gökhan Karadirek

doi:10.21076/vizyoner.1133040

Araştırma Makalesi

Kadınların Kariyer Gelişiminde Cam Tavan, Mesleki Öz Yeterlik, Rol-Model ve Güç Mesafesinin Rolü: Ordu İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü Kamu Hastaneleri Örneği

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 38, 496 - 515, 25.05.2023

Gökhan Karadirek

https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1133040

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadınların kariyer gelişiminde cam tavan, güç mesafesi, mesleki öz yeterlik ve rol-modelin etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışma, nicel araştırma deseninde ve ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma, Ordu İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı kamu hastanelerinde görev yapan kadın çalışanlar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama işlemi, uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle 2 Mart 2022-11 Nisan 2022 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Örneklemi, 324 kadın sağlık çalışanı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, SPSS 25 ve PROCESS macro yazılımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Değişkenlerin aralarındaki ilişki korelasyon ve regresyon analiziyle belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, kadın çalışanların kariyer gelişimi ile mesleki öz-yeterlik ve rol-modeli arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Kadın çalışanların kariyer gelişimi ile cam tavan ve güç mesafesi arasında ise negatif bir ilişkinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca bulgular, kadın çalışanların cam tavan algısı ile güç mesafesi arasında pozitif, rol-model arasında ise negatif bir ilişkinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan, kadın çalışanların cam tavan algısı ile mesleki öz yeterliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. PROCESS macro ile yapılan aracılık testi sonuçlarına göre kadın çalışanların cam tavan algısı, kariyer gelişimi ile rol-model ve güç mesafesi arasındaki ilişkide aracı etkiye sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cam Tavan, Kariyer Gelişimi, Rol-Model, Mesleki Öz Yeterlik, Güç Mesafesi

Kaynakça

Abele, A. ve Spurk, D. (2009). The longitudinal impact of self-efficacy and career goals on objective and subjective career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(1), 53-62.
Akdöl, B. (2009). Cam tavan ve kurumsal bir strateji pozitif ayrımcılık; ilaç sektöründe bir sınıflandırma [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. .İstanbul Üniversitesi.
Akın Acuner, Ş. (2019). Kadın Çalışanların Kariyer Geliştirme Sürecinde Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi-IJEAS, (23), 35-52.
Alga, E. (2020). Cam tavan sendromu ve bölgesel boyut: bir kamu bankası örneği. Türk İdare Dergisi, 491, 11-39.
Arthur, M. ve Kram, K. (1989). Reciprocity at work: The separate, yet inseparable possibilities for individual and organizational. M. Arthur, D. Hall ve B. Lawrence (Ed.), Handbook of career theory içinde (s. 292-312). Cambridge University Press.
Austin, M. ve Nauta, M. (2016). Entrepreneurial role-model exposure, self-efficacy, and women’s entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Career Development, 43(3), 260-272.
Ayoğul, H. ve Baraz, A. (2020). Kadın çalışanların kariyer engelleri: Eskişehir’de bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 44, 13-27.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (2009). Cultivate self-efficacy for personal and organizational effectiveness. E. Locke (Ed.) Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior (2. Baskı.) içinde (s. 179-200). Wiley: Blackwell.
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. ve Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children’s aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 187–206.
Barreto, M., Ryan, M. ve Schmitt, M. (2009). The glass ceiling in the 21st century: Understanding barriers to gender equality. American Psychological Association.
Baum, J., Frese, M. ve Baron, R. (2012). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press.
Baumgartner, M. ve Schneider, D. (2010). Perceptions of women in management: A thematic analysis of razing the glass ceiling. Journal of Career Development, 37(2), 559-576.
Bombuwela, P. ve De Alwis, A. (2013). Effects of glass ceiling on women career development in private sector organizations – case of sri lanka. Journal of Competitiveness, 5(2), 3-19.
Bosma, N., Hessels, J., Schutjens, V., Van Praag, M. ve Verheul, I. (2011). Entrepreneurship and role models. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 410-424.
Budhwar, P. (2000). Indian and British personnel specialists’ understanding of the dynamics of their function: An empirical study. International Business Review, 9(6), 727-753.
Can, E., Kaptanoğlu, S. ve Halo, L. (2018). Akademisyenlerde cam tavan sendromunun güç mesafesi ile ilişkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 13(50), 52-64.
Chaudhary, R., Rangnekar, S. ve Barua, M. (2012). Relationships between occupational self efficacy, human resource development climate, and work engagement. Team Performance Management, 18(7/8), 370-383.
Cotter, D., Hermsen, J., Ovadia, S. ve Vanneman, R. (2001). The glass ceiling effect. Ocial Forces, 80(2), 655-682.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Araştırma deseni. [Research design]. (S. B. Demir, Çev. Ed.). Eğiten Kitap.
Datta, S. ve Agarwal, U. (2017). Factors effecting career advancement of Indian women managers. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 6(3), 314-336.
Dickerson, A. ve Taylor, M. (2000). Self-limiting behavior in women: self-esteem and self-efficacy as predictors. Group & Organization Management, 25(2), 191-210.
Eryılmaz, A. ve Mutlu, T. (2017). Yaşam boyu gelişim yaklaşımı perspektifinden kariyer gelişimi ve ruh sağlığı. Psikiyatride GüncelYaklaşımlar, 9(2), 227-249.
Firdausia, S., Yusuf, M. ve Anggarani, F. (2020). Gender stereotypes and self-efficacy as determinants of the glass ceiling effect: a study of female civil servants in central java. Jurnal Psikologi, 47(1), 56-63.
Fraenkel, J. ve Wallen, N. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York McGraw-Hill.
Ganiyu, R., Oluwafemi, A., Ademola, A. ve Olatunji, O. (2018). The glass ceiling conundrum: Illusory belief or barriers that impede women’s career advancement in the workplace. Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business, 3(1),137-166.
Gerni, G. ve Denizli, A. (2021). Öz yeterliliğin kariyer uyum yeteneklerine etkisinde proaktif kişiliğin aracı rolü. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 22(1), 1-19.
Gibbs, P. (2015). The effect of power distance on the career advancement of women. University of Pretoria, Gordon Institute of Business Science.
Gibson, D. (2004). Role models in career development: New directions for theory and research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 134-156.
Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: felsefe-yöntem-analiz (5. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Hackett, G. ve Lent, R. (1992). Theoretical advances and current inquiry in career psychology. S. Brown ve R. Lent (Ed.), Handbook of counseling psychology içinde (s. 419-451). Wiley.
Hayes, A. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
Hartman, R. ve Barber, E. (2020). Women in the workforce The effect of gender on occupational self-efficacy, work engagement and career aspirations. Gender in Management, 35(1), 1-27.
Hauff, S. ve Richter, N. (2015). Power distance and its moderating role in the relationship between situational job characteristics and job satisfaction: An empirical analysis using different cultural measures. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 22(1), 68-89.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: do american theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), 42-63.
Hofstede, G. (1984). The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 389-398.
Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy oi Management Executive, 7(1), 81-94.
Hofstede, G. (1994). Management scientists are human. Management Science, 40(1), 4-13.
Hofstede, G. ve Bond, M. (1988). The confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamics, 16(4), 5-21.
Hoşgör, H., Gündüz Hoşgör, D. ve Memiş, K. (2016). Sosyo-demografik özellikler ile cam tavan sendromu arasındaki ilişki ve farklılıkların incelenmesi: Sağlık çalışanları örneği. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(35), 345-362.
İmadoğlu, T., Kurşuncu, R. ve Çavuş , M. (2020). The effect of glass ceiling syndrome on women’s career barriers in management and job motivation. HOLISTICA: Holistica Journal of Business and Public Administration, 11(2), 85-99.
Jahangirov, N., Ari, G., Jahangirov, S. ve Tosunoglu, N. (2015). The relationship between glass ceiling and power distance as a cultural variable by a new method. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 4(4), 465-483.
Jain, N. ve Mukherji, S. (2010). The perception of 'glass ceiling' in Indian organizations: An exploratory study. South Asian Journal of Management, 17(1), 23-42.
Jasielska, A. (2014). Women's career success in a man's workplace-a cross-national study. Romanian Journal of Experimental Applied Psychology, 5(1), 23-32.
Kabaklı Çimen, L. (2019). Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin rol model tercihleri. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 88-110.
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The Role of Glass Ceiling, Occupational Self-Efficacy, Role Model and Power Distance in Women's Career Advancement: Example of Public Hospitals of Ordu Provincial Directorate of Health

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 38, 496 - 515, 25.05.2023

Gökhan Karadirek

https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1133040

Öz

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of glass ceiling, power distance, occupational self-efficacy and role model in the career advancement of women. The study is designed in quantitative research design and relational survey model. The research is carried out on female employees working in public hospitals of Ordu Provincial Directorate of Health. The data collection process is collected between 2 March 2022 and 11 April 2022 through convenient sampling method. The sample consists of 324 female health employees. Data is analyzed using SPSS 25 and PROCESS macro statistics software. The relationship among the variables is identified by using correlation and regression analysis. Correlation and regression analysis are applied to determine the relationship between the variables. The research findings reveal positive relationships between female employees’ career advancement, and occupational self-efficacy and role model. The findings also exhibit that there are negative relationships between female employees’ career advancement, and glass ceiling and power distance. In addition, the findings show that there is a positive relationship between the glass ceiling perception of female employees and power distance, but a negative relationship with the role model. On the other hand, no significant relationship is found between the glass ceiling perception of female employees and occupational self-efficacy. According to the results of the mediation test conducted through the PROCESS macro, the glass ceiling perception of female employees has a mediating effect in the relationship between career advancement and, role model and power distance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Glass Ceiling, Career Advancement, Role Model, Occupational Self-Efficacy, Power Distance

Kaynakça

Abele, A. ve Spurk, D. (2009). The longitudinal impact of self-efficacy and career goals on objective and subjective career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(1), 53-62.
Akdöl, B. (2009). Cam tavan ve kurumsal bir strateji pozitif ayrımcılık; ilaç sektöründe bir sınıflandırma [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. .İstanbul Üniversitesi.
Akın Acuner, Ş. (2019). Kadın Çalışanların Kariyer Geliştirme Sürecinde Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi-IJEAS, (23), 35-52.
Alga, E. (2020). Cam tavan sendromu ve bölgesel boyut: bir kamu bankası örneği. Türk İdare Dergisi, 491, 11-39.
Arthur, M. ve Kram, K. (1989). Reciprocity at work: The separate, yet inseparable possibilities for individual and organizational. M. Arthur, D. Hall ve B. Lawrence (Ed.), Handbook of career theory içinde (s. 292-312). Cambridge University Press.
Austin, M. ve Nauta, M. (2016). Entrepreneurial role-model exposure, self-efficacy, and women’s entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Career Development, 43(3), 260-272.
Ayoğul, H. ve Baraz, A. (2020). Kadın çalışanların kariyer engelleri: Eskişehir’de bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 44, 13-27.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (2009). Cultivate self-efficacy for personal and organizational effectiveness. E. Locke (Ed.) Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior (2. Baskı.) içinde (s. 179-200). Wiley: Blackwell.
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. ve Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children’s aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 187–206.
Barreto, M., Ryan, M. ve Schmitt, M. (2009). The glass ceiling in the 21st century: Understanding barriers to gender equality. American Psychological Association.
Baum, J., Frese, M. ve Baron, R. (2012). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press.
Baumgartner, M. ve Schneider, D. (2010). Perceptions of women in management: A thematic analysis of razing the glass ceiling. Journal of Career Development, 37(2), 559-576.
Bombuwela, P. ve De Alwis, A. (2013). Effects of glass ceiling on women career development in private sector organizations – case of sri lanka. Journal of Competitiveness, 5(2), 3-19.
Bosma, N., Hessels, J., Schutjens, V., Van Praag, M. ve Verheul, I. (2011). Entrepreneurship and role models. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 410-424.
Budhwar, P. (2000). Indian and British personnel specialists’ understanding of the dynamics of their function: An empirical study. International Business Review, 9(6), 727-753.
Can, E., Kaptanoğlu, S. ve Halo, L. (2018). Akademisyenlerde cam tavan sendromunun güç mesafesi ile ilişkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 13(50), 52-64.
Chaudhary, R., Rangnekar, S. ve Barua, M. (2012). Relationships between occupational self efficacy, human resource development climate, and work engagement. Team Performance Management, 18(7/8), 370-383.
Cotter, D., Hermsen, J., Ovadia, S. ve Vanneman, R. (2001). The glass ceiling effect. Ocial Forces, 80(2), 655-682.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Araştırma deseni. [Research design]. (S. B. Demir, Çev. Ed.). Eğiten Kitap.
Datta, S. ve Agarwal, U. (2017). Factors effecting career advancement of Indian women managers. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 6(3), 314-336.
Dickerson, A. ve Taylor, M. (2000). Self-limiting behavior in women: self-esteem and self-efficacy as predictors. Group & Organization Management, 25(2), 191-210.
Eryılmaz, A. ve Mutlu, T. (2017). Yaşam boyu gelişim yaklaşımı perspektifinden kariyer gelişimi ve ruh sağlığı. Psikiyatride GüncelYaklaşımlar, 9(2), 227-249.
Firdausia, S., Yusuf, M. ve Anggarani, F. (2020). Gender stereotypes and self-efficacy as determinants of the glass ceiling effect: a study of female civil servants in central java. Jurnal Psikologi, 47(1), 56-63.
Fraenkel, J. ve Wallen, N. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York McGraw-Hill.
Ganiyu, R., Oluwafemi, A., Ademola, A. ve Olatunji, O. (2018). The glass ceiling conundrum: Illusory belief or barriers that impede women’s career advancement in the workplace. Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business, 3(1),137-166.
Gerni, G. ve Denizli, A. (2021). Öz yeterliliğin kariyer uyum yeteneklerine etkisinde proaktif kişiliğin aracı rolü. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 22(1), 1-19.
Gibbs, P. (2015). The effect of power distance on the career advancement of women. University of Pretoria, Gordon Institute of Business Science.
Gibson, D. (2004). Role models in career development: New directions for theory and research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 134-156.
Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: felsefe-yöntem-analiz (5. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Hackett, G. ve Lent, R. (1992). Theoretical advances and current inquiry in career psychology. S. Brown ve R. Lent (Ed.), Handbook of counseling psychology içinde (s. 419-451). Wiley.
Hayes, A. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
Hartman, R. ve Barber, E. (2020). Women in the workforce The effect of gender on occupational self-efficacy, work engagement and career aspirations. Gender in Management, 35(1), 1-27.
Hauff, S. ve Richter, N. (2015). Power distance and its moderating role in the relationship between situational job characteristics and job satisfaction: An empirical analysis using different cultural measures. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 22(1), 68-89.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: do american theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), 42-63.
Hofstede, G. (1984). The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 389-398.
Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy oi Management Executive, 7(1), 81-94.
Hofstede, G. (1994). Management scientists are human. Management Science, 40(1), 4-13.
Hofstede, G. ve Bond, M. (1988). The confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamics, 16(4), 5-21.
Hoşgör, H., Gündüz Hoşgör, D. ve Memiş, K. (2016). Sosyo-demografik özellikler ile cam tavan sendromu arasındaki ilişki ve farklılıkların incelenmesi: Sağlık çalışanları örneği. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(35), 345-362.
İmadoğlu, T., Kurşuncu, R. ve Çavuş , M. (2020). The effect of glass ceiling syndrome on women’s career barriers in management and job motivation. HOLISTICA: Holistica Journal of Business and Public Administration, 11(2), 85-99.
Jahangirov, N., Ari, G., Jahangirov, S. ve Tosunoglu, N. (2015). The relationship between glass ceiling and power distance as a cultural variable by a new method. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 4(4), 465-483.
Jain, N. ve Mukherji, S. (2010). The perception of 'glass ceiling' in Indian organizations: An exploratory study. South Asian Journal of Management, 17(1), 23-42.
Jasielska, A. (2014). Women's career success in a man's workplace-a cross-national study. Romanian Journal of Experimental Applied Psychology, 5(1), 23-32.
Kabaklı Çimen, L. (2019). Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin rol model tercihleri. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 88-110.
Kagan, J. (1958). The concept of identification. Psychological Review, 65(5), 296-305.
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Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Gökhan Karadirek 0000-0002-0804-9904
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	22 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi	25 Mayıs 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi	20 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 38

Kaynak Göster

APA	Karadirek, G. (2023). Kadınların Kariyer Gelişiminde Cam Tavan, Mesleki Öz Yeterlik, Rol-Model ve Güç Mesafesinin Rolü: Ordu İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü Kamu Hastaneleri Örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 14(38), 496-515. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1133040

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