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Siber Zorbalıkla İlişkili Faktörler ve Olası Çözüm Önerileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 13 - 49, 31.12.2017

Öz

Bu çalışmada siber zorbalıkla ilişkili değişkenleri ve bu
sorunla başa çıkmada önerilen stratejileri tespit etmek amacıyla bir alanyazın taraması
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alanyazın taraması 2010-2017 yılları arasında sınırlandırılarak
güncel bilgilere erişim hedeflenmiştir. Web of Science veritabanı ve ulaşılan makalelerin
referans listelerinin incelenmesi sonucunda çalışmanın kapsamına uygun 55 makale
belirlenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda siber zorbalıkla ilişkili
faktörler olarak son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda cinsiyet, gizlilik hissi, ahlaki
çözülme, geleneksel zorbalık, internet kullanım sıklığı, ailesel ilişkiler, siber
mağduriyet, empati ve algılanan sosyal destek değişkenleri öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmalar
siber zorbalık ile başa çıkmada ise empati tabanlı müdahaleler, öfke kontrolü, siber
zorbalık müdahale programları, medya kullanım eğitimi, okul içi müdahaleler ve aile
içi müdahaleler ile ilgili çözüm önerileri sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

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A Review of Cyberbullying Related Factors and Possible Solutions Suggested

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 13 - 49, 31.12.2017

Öz

In
this study, a literature review was conducted in order to determine the
variables related to cyberbullying and the strategies proposed to cope with
this problem. The review of the literature was limited between 2010 and 2017 in
order to access up-to-date information. As a result of examining Web of Science
database and the reference lists of the articles reached, 55 articles that fit
the scope of the study have been identidfied and analyzed. Results revealed
that gender, anonymity, moral disengagement, traditional bullying, frequency of
internet use, family relations, cyber victimization, empathy and perceived
social support were found to be factors related to cyberbullying. Studies
suggest empathy-based interventions, anger management, cyberbullying
intervention programs, media literacy, in-school interventions and family
interventions when coping with cyberbullying.

Kaynakça

  • Altundağ, Y. (2016). Lise öğrencilerinde sanal zorbalık ve problemli internet kullanımı ilişkisi. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 3(1), 27-43.
  • Antoniadou, N., Kokkinos, C. M., & Markos, A. (2016). Possible common correlates between bullying and cyber-bullying among adolescents. Psicología Educativa, 22(1), 27-38.
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  • Den Hamer, A. H., & Konijn, E. A. (2016). Can emotion regulation serve as a tool in combating cyberbullying? Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 1-6.
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  • Doane, A. N., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2014). Predictors of cyberbullying perpetration among college students: An application of the theory of reasoned action. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 154-162.
  • Durak, H., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2016). Siber zorbalık: Eski bir toplumsal sorunla ilgili yeni tanımlamalar, bakışlar, değerlendirmeler. A. G. Baran & M. Çakır (Ed.), içinde İnter-disipliner yaklaşımla gençliğin umudu toplumun beklentileri (ss. 167-187). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New Media & Society, 12(1), 109-125.
  • Eroğlu, Y., Aktepe, E., Akbaba, S., Işık, A., & Özkorumak, E. (2015). Siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yaygınlığının ve risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 40(177), 93-107.
  • Erreygers, S., Pabian, S., Vandebosch, H., & Baillien, E. (2016). Helping behavior among adolescent bystanders of cyberbullying: The role of impulsivity. Learning and Individual Differences, 48, 61-67.
  • Fanti, K. A., Demetriou, A. G., & Hawa, V. V. (2012). A longitudinal study of cyberbullying: Examining risk and protective factors. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 168-181.
  • Faccio, E., Iudici, A., Costa, N., & Belloni, E. (2014). Cyberbullying and interventions programs in school and clinical setting. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 122, 500-505.
  • Festl, R. (2016). Perpetrators on the internet: Analyzing individual and structural explanation factors of cyberbullying in school context. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 237-248.
  • Gini, G., Albiero, P., Benelli, B., & Altoè, G. (2007). Does empathy predict adolescents' bullying and defending behavior? Aggressive Behavior, 33(5), 467-476.
  • Gradinger, P., Yanagida, T., Strohmeier, D., & Spiel, C. (2016). Effectiveness and sustainability of the ViSC Social Competence Program to prevent cyberbullying and cyber‐victimization: Class and individual level moderators. Aggressive Behavior, 42(2), 181-193.
  • Heiman, T., Olenik-Shemesh, D., & Eden, S. (2015). Cyberbullying involvement among students with ADHD: relation to loneliness, self-efficacy and social support. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 30(1), 15-29.
  • Hemphill, S. A., Kotevski, A., Tollit, M., Smith, R., Herrenkohl, T. I., Toumbourou, J. W., & Catalano, R. F. (2012). Longitudinal predictors of cyber and traditional bullying perpetration in Australian secondary school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(1), 59-65.
  • Hemphill, S. A., & Heerde, J. A. (2014). Adolescent predictors of young adult cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among Australian youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(4), 580-587.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2011). Cyberbullying: A review of the legal issues facing educators. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 55(2), 71-78.
  • Hoff, D. L., & Mitchell, S. N. (2009). Cyberbullying: Causes, effects, and remedies. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(5), 652-665.
  • Horzum, M. B., & Ayas, T. (2013). Rehber öğretmenlerin sanal zorbalık farkındalık düzeyinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 195-205.
  • Horzum, M. B., & Ayas, T. (2014). Orta öğretim öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtilere göre sanal zorba ve sanal mağdur düzeylerinin yordanması. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 1(2), 21-36.
  • Huang, Y. Y., & Chou, C. (2010). An analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1581-1590.
  • Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T. D., Poskiparta, E., Kaljonen, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2011). A large‐scale evaluation of the KiVa antibullying program: Grades 4–6. Child Development, 82(1), 311-330.
  • Kavuk, M. (2011). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin sanal zorba ve sanal kurban olma durumlarının incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kavuk, M., & Keser, H. (2016). İlköğretim okullarında siber zorbalık. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(3), 520-535.
  • Keser, H., & Kavuk, M. (2015). Okulda siber zorbalık farkındalık anketinin geliştirilmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 23(1), 17-30.
  • Kokkinos, C. M., Antoniadou, N., & Markos, A. (2014). Cyber-bullying: An investigation of the psychological profile of university student participants. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35(3), 204-214.
  • Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), 13-20.
  • Kubiszewski, V., Fontaine, R., Potard, C., & Auzoult, L. (2015). Does cyberbullying overlap with school bullying when taking modality of involvement into account? Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 49-57.
  • Lee, C., & Shin, N. (2017). Prevalence of cyberbullying and predictors of cyberbullying perpetration among Korean adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 352-358.
  • Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(4), 1777-1791.
  • Liu, C., Ang, R. P., & Lwin, M. O. (2013). Cognitive, personality, and social factors associated with adolescents' online personal information disclosure. Journal of Adolescence, 36(4), 629-638.
  • Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2010). Risks and safety on the internet: the perspective of European children: key findings from the EU Kids Online survey of 9-16 year olds and their parents in 25 countries.
  • Makri-Botsari, E., & Karagianni, G. (2014). Cyberbullying in Greek adolescents: The role of parents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3241-3253.
  • Mishna, F., Cook, C., Gadalla, T., Daciuk, J., & Solomon, S. (2010). Cyber bullying behaviors among middle and high school students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(3), 362-374.
  • Mitsopoulou, E., & Giovazolias, T. (2015). Personality traits, empathy and bullying behavior: A meta-analytic approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 21, 61-72.
  • Monks, C. P., Mahdavi, J., & Rix, K. (2016). The emergence of cyberbullying in childhood: Parent and teacher perspectives. Psicología Educativa, 22(1), 39-48.
  • Moore, M. J., Nakano, T., Enomoto, A., & Suda, T. (2012). Anonymity and roles associated with aggressive posts in an online forum. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3), 861-867.
  • Olweus, D. (1995). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. 1993. Malden: Blackwell Publishing Google Scholar.
  • Olweus, D., & Breivik, K. (2014). Plight of victims of school bullying: The opposite of well-being. In A. Ben-Arieh, F. Casas, I. Frønes & J. E. Korbin (Eds.), Handbook of Child Well-Being (pp. 2593-2616), Springer Netherlands.
  • Olweus, D., Limber, S., & Mahalic, S. F. (1999). Bullying prevention program. Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado at Boulder.
  • Özdemir, M., & Akar, F. (2011). Lise öğrencilerinin siber-zorbalığa ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı değişkenler bakımından incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 4(4), 605-626.
  • Özden, M. S., & İçellioğlu, S. (2014). The perception of cyberbullying and cybervictimization by university students in terms of their personality factors. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4379-4383.
  • Palermiti, A. L., Servidio, R., Bartolo, M. G., & Costabile, A. (2017). Cyberbullying and self-esteem: An Italian study. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 136-141.
  • Palladino, B. E., Nocentini, A., & Menesini, E. (2016). Evidence‐based intervention against bullying and cyberbullying: Evaluation of the NoTrap! program in two independent trials. Aggressive Behavior, 42(2), 194-206.
  • Park, S., Na, E. Y., & Kim, E. M. (2014). The relationship between online activities, netiquette and cyberbullying. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 74-81.
  • Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard a preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 148-169.
  • Peker, A. (2015). Analyzing the risk factors predicting the cyberbullying status of secondary school students. Eğitim ve Bilim, 40(181), 57-75.
  • Peker, A., Eroğlu, Y., & Ada, Ş. (2012). Ergenlerde siber zorbalığın ve mağduriyetin yordayıcılarının incelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 185-206.
  • Perren, S., & Gutzwiller-Helfenfinger, E. (2012). Cyberbullying and traditional bullying in adolescence: Differential roles of moral disengagement, moral emotions, and moral values. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 195-209.
  • Peker, A., & İskender, M. (2015). İnsani değerler yönelimli psiko-eğitim programının siber zorbalık üzerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(1), 11-22.
  • Pornari, C. D., & Wood, J. (2010). Peer and cyber aggression in secondary school students: The role of moral disengagement, hostile attribution bias, and outcome expectancies. Aggressive Behavior, 36(2), 81-94.
  • Raskauskas, J., & Stoltz, A. D. (2007). Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 564-575.
  • Robson, C., & Witenberg, R. T. (2013). The influence of moral disengagement, morally based self-esteem, age, and gender on traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 12(2), 211-231.
  • Sarı, S. V. (2016). Was it just joke? Cyberbullying perpetrations and their styles of humor. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 555-559.
  • Savage, M. W., & Tokunaga, R. S. (2017). Moving toward a theory: Testing an integrated model of cyberbullying perpetration, aggression, social skills, and Internet self-efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 353-361.
  • Schultze‐Krumbholz, A., Schultze, M., Zagorscak, P., Wölfer, R., & Scheithauer, H. (2016). Feeling cybervictims’ pain—The effect of empathy training on cyberbullying. Aggressive Behavior, 42(2), 147-156.
  • Sigfusdottir, I. D., Gudjonsson, G. H., & Sigurdsson, J. F. (2010). Bullying and delinquency. The mediating role of anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(4), 391-396.
  • Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376-385.
  • Şahin, M. (2012). The relationship between the cyberbullying/cybervictmization and loneliness among adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(4), 834-837.
  • Şahin, M., Aydın, B., & Sarı, S. V. (2012). Cyberbullying, cyber victimization and psychological symptoms: a study in adolescents. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(1), 53-59.
  • Tabak, F. S., & Köymen, Ü. (2014). Student experiences with cyberbullying in northern Cyprus. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 5200-5209.
  • Tanrıkulu, I., & Campbell, M. (2015). Correlates of traditional bullying and cyberbullying perpetration among Australian students. Children and Youth Services Review, 55, 138-146.
  • Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277-287.
  • Topçu, Ç. (2014). Modeling the relationships among coping strategies, emotion regulation, rumination, and perceived social support in victims of cyber and traditional bullying. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Topcu, Ç., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2012). Affective and cognitive empathy as mediators of gender differences in cyber and traditional bullying. School Psychology International, 33(5), 550-561.
  • Vandebosch, H., & Van Cleemput, K. (2008). Defining cyberbullying: A qualitative research into the perceptions of youngsters. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(4), 499-503.
  • Wang, X., Lei, L., Liu, D., & Hu, H. (2016). Moderating effects of moral reasoning and gender on the relation between moral disengagement and cyberbullying in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 244-249.
  • Watts, L. K., Wagner, J., Velasquez, B., & Behrens, P. I. (2017). Cyberbullying in higher education: A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 268-274.
  • Wolak, J., Mitchell, K. J., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Does online harassment constitute bullying? An exploration of online harassment by known peers and online-only contacts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6), 51-58.
  • Wong, D. S., Chan, H. C. O., & Cheng, C. H. (2014). Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents in Hong Kong. Children and Youth Services Review, 36, 133-140.
  • Wright, M. F. (2017). Parental mediation, cyberbullying, and cybertrolling: The role of gender. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 189-195.
  • Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308-1316.
  • Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007). Examining the overlap in Internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6), 42-50.
  • Yenilmez, Y., & Seferoglu, S. S. (2013). Sanal zorbalık ve öğretmenlerin farkındalık durumlarına bir bakış. Eğitim ve Bilim, 38(169), 420-432.
  • You, S., & Lim, S. A. (2016). Longitudinal predictors of cyberbullying perpetration: Evidence from Korean middle school students. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 172-176.
Toplam 116 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Fatih Yiğit

Süleyman Sadi Seferoğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Kasım 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yiğit, M. F., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2017). Siber Zorbalıkla İlişkili Faktörler ve Olası Çözüm Önerileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Online Journal of Technology Addiction and Cyberbullying, 4(2), 13-49.