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Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 521 - 534, 31.12.2021

Pelin Gönkek Nahit Köker R. Timuçin Gençer

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.979295

Öz

İlk kez Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkarak pek çok kişinin ölümüne neden olan Covid-19, tüm endüstrilerde olduğu gibi spor endüstrisi içerisindeki yapıların da değişmesine neden olmuştur. Bu dönemde spor organizasyonları, taraftarlarıyla iletişimde kalabilmek için sosyal medya araçlarını etkin bir şekilde kullanmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Süper Ligi'nde en çok takip edilen kulüplerin ve taraftarlarının Twitter'daki Covid-19 ile ilgili paylaşımlarını analiz etmektir. Çalışmada Covid-19 ile ilgili toplam 2.971 hashtag analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca taraftarın ve futbol kulüplerinin Covid-19 ile ilgili tweetlerine ilişkin paylaşım sayıları ve yüzdeleri de analizlere dahil edilmiştir. Bu sayede hem taraftarın hem de futbol kulüplerinin Covid-19 ile ilgili Twitter paylaşımlarının içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma yöntemi olarak netnografi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Taraftarların Twitter’da gerçekleştirdikleri hashtagler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, Fenerbahçe SK ve taraftarları Covid-19 salgınına ilişkin en fazla içerik üreten (%80,46) futbol kulübüdür. En fazla hashtag üreten taraftarların, Galatasaray SK taraftarları olmasına rağmen salgın ile ilgili en az içeriği olan kulüp Galatasaray SK’dir (%16,5). Sonuç olarak, Covid-19 salgını ilk döneminde futbol taraftarlarının Twitter’da, Covid-19 salgını konusunda benzer hashtagler üreterek ortak bir kültürde birleştikleri görülürken, futbol kulüplerinin salgına ilişkin içeriklere taraftar gruplarına kıyasla daha az oranda yer verdikleri görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Medya Taraftar Kültür Covid-19

Destekleyen Kurum

Araştırmayı Destekleyen Kurum bulunmamaktadır.

Proje Numarası

Araştırma Proje Numarası bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

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  • Chew, C. & Eysenbach, G. (2010). Pandemics in the age of Twitter: Content analysis of tweets during the 2009 H1N1 outbreak. PloS one, 5(11), e14118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014118
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  • Dube, K., Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2020). Covid-19 cripples global restaurant and hospitality industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(11), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1773416
  • Escamilla-Fajardo, P., Núñez-Pomar, J. M., Calabuig-Moreno, F. & Gómez-Tafalla, A. M. (2020). Effects of the covid-19 pandemic on sports entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 12(20), 8493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208493
  • Evans, A. B., Blackwell, J., Dolan, P., Fahlén, J., Hoekman, R., Lenneis, V., ... & Wilcock, L. (2020). Sport in the face of the covid-19 pandemic: Towards an agenda for research in the sociology of sport. European Journal for Sport and Society, 17(2), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2020.1765100
  • Farzanegan, M. R., Gholipour, H. F., Feizi, M., Nunkoo, R. & Andargoli, A. E. (2020). International tourism and outbreak of coronavirus (Covid-19): A cross-country analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3), 687-692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520931593
  • Fiesler, C. & Proferes, N. (2018). “Participant” perceptions of twitter research ethics. Social Media+ Society, 4(1),1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118763366
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Netnographic Analysis of the Covid-19 Posts of the Big Four Football Clubs and Their Fan’s on Twitter

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 521 - 534, 31.12.2021

Pelin Gönkek Nahit Köker R. Timuçin Gençer

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.979295

Öz

Covid-19, which first appeared in Wuhan, China, and caused the death of many people, caused the structures within the sports industry to change as well as in all industries. In this period, sports organizations try to use social media tools effectively in order to stay in touch with their fans. Purpose of this research is to analyze the post of the most followed clubs and their fans on Twitter about Covid-19 in the Turkish Football Federation Super League.The study, a total of 2,971 hashtags related to Covid-19 were analyzed. The number of posts and percentages of tweets by fans and football clubs about Covid-19 was also included in the analysis. In this way, the contents of the Twitter posts of both fans and football clubs regarding Covid-19 were determined. The netnography method was used as the working method. The hashtags performed by the fans on Twitter were analyzed by the content analysis method. According to the findings, Fenerbahçe SK and its followers have become the football club that produced the most content (80.46%) regarding the Covid-19 outbreak. Although Galatasaray SC fans have produced the most hashtags, Galatasaray SK (16.5%) has produced the least amount of content about the epidemic. As a result, in the period of the Covid-19 epidemic, while it is seen that football fans unite in a common culture by posting similar hashtags about the Covid-19 epidemic on Twitter, it is seen that football clubs post less place to content related to the epidemic less than fan groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Media Twitter Twitter Fans Culture Covid-19

Proje Numarası

Araştırma Proje Numarası bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Addeo, F., Paoli, A. D., Esposito, M. & Bolcato, M. Y. (2019). Doing social research on online communities: The benefits of netnography Athens Journal of Social Sciences, 7(1), 9-38. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajss.7-1-1
  • Allen, J., Rowan, L. & Singh, P. (2020). Teaching and teacher education in the time of covid-19. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 48(3), 233-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2020.1752051
  • Assaf, A. & Scuderi, R. (2020). Covid-19 and the recovery of the tourism industry. Tourism Economics, 26(5), 731–733. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620933712
  • Atmaca, D. ve Toygur, H. (2021). Fenerbahçe futbol takımı'nın 1959 öncesi şampiyonluklarına Instagram ve ekşi sözlük etkileşiminde bakabilmek: Netnografi çalışması örneği. ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3),25-532. 10.29228/roljournal.52318
  • Barnfield, A. F. (2013). Sport, movement, and the event: Understanding the expressivity of football. Doctoral dissertation, University College London, United Kingdom.
  • Baruah, R. D. & Angelov, P. (2012). Evolving social network analysis: A case study on mobile phone data. In 2012 IEEE Conference on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems (ss. 114-120). IEEE. 10.1109/EAIS.2012.6232815
  • Begović, M. (2020). Effects of covid-19 on society and sport a national response. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1779115
  • Biscaia, R., Ross, S., Yoshida, M., Correia, A., Rosado, A. & Marôco, J. (2016). Investigating the role of fan club membership on perceptions of team brand equity in football. Sport Management Review, 19(2), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2015.02.001
  • Bond, A. J., Cockayne, D., Ludvigsen, J. A. L., Maguire, K., Parnell, D., Plumley, D., ... & Wilson, R. (2020). Covid-19: The return of football fans. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1841449
  • Cade, N. L. (2018). Corporate social media: How two-way disclosure channels influence investors. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 68, 63-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2018.03.004
  • Chew, C. & Eysenbach, G. (2010). Pandemics in the age of Twitter: Content analysis of tweets during the 2009 H1N1 outbreak. PloS one, 5(11), e14118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014118
  • Clark, H. & Gruending, A. (2020). Invest in health and uphold rights to “build back better” after covid-19. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2020.1781583
  • Dube, K., Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2020). Covid-19 cripples global restaurant and hospitality industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(11), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1773416
  • Escamilla-Fajardo, P., Núñez-Pomar, J. M., Calabuig-Moreno, F. & Gómez-Tafalla, A. M. (2020). Effects of the covid-19 pandemic on sports entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 12(20), 8493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208493
  • Evans, A. B., Blackwell, J., Dolan, P., Fahlén, J., Hoekman, R., Lenneis, V., ... & Wilcock, L. (2020). Sport in the face of the covid-19 pandemic: Towards an agenda for research in the sociology of sport. European Journal for Sport and Society, 17(2), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2020.1765100
  • Farzanegan, M. R., Gholipour, H. F., Feizi, M., Nunkoo, R. & Andargoli, A. E. (2020). International tourism and outbreak of coronavirus (Covid-19): A cross-country analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3), 687-692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520931593
  • Fiesler, C. & Proferes, N. (2018). “Participant” perceptions of twitter research ethics. Social Media+ Society, 4(1),1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118763366
  • Gaffney, A., Himmelstein, D. U. & Woolhandler, S. (2020). Covid-19 and US health financing: Perils and possibilities. International Journal of Health Services, 50(4), 396-407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731420931431
  • Gostin, L. O., Habibi, R. & Meier, B. M. (2020). Has global health law risen to meet the covıd-19 challenge? Revisiting the international health regulations to prepare for future threats. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 48(2), 376–381. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110520935354
  • Gössling, S., Scott, D. & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A Rapid assessment of covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1),1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
  • Gratzer, D., Torous, J., Lam, R. W., Patten, S. B., Kutcher, S., Chan, S., … Yatham, L. N. (2021). Our digital moment: ınnovations and opportunities in digital mental health care. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 66(1),5-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720937833
  • Grix, J., Brannagan, P. M., Grimes, H. & Neville, R. (2021). The impact of covid-19 on sport. International Journal Of Sport Policy And Politics, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2020.1851285
  • Gupta, N. (2020). Singing away the social distancing blues: Art therapy in a time of coronavirus. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 60(5), 593-603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167820927807
  • Hendrickx, F., Taes, S. & Wouters, M. (2020). Covid-19 and labour law in Belgium. European Labour Law Journal, 11(3), 276-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/2031952520934554
  • Heyang, T. & Martin, R. (2020). A reimagined world: international tertiary dance education in light of covid-19. Research in Dance Education, 22(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647893.2020.1780206
  • Koçdemir, M. (2020). Türkiye futbol federasyonu mali verilerinin amatör futbolun finansmanı açısından analizi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(2), 93-106.
  • Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing ethnographic research online. London: Sage Publications.
  • Kramer, A. & Kramer, K. Z. (2020). The potential impact of the covid-19 pandemic on occupational status, work from home, and occupational mobility. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119:103442, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103442
  • Kuyucu, M. (2015). Social media and public relations in football: The use of twitter in football teams in Turkey. The Online Journal of Communication and Media, 1(4), 161-175.
  • Langer, R. & Beckman, S. C. (2005). Sensitive research topics: Netnography revisited. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 8(2), 189-203. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750510592454
  • Lodi, E., Scavone, A., Carollo, A., Guicciardi, C., Reggianini, L., Savino, G. & Modena, M. G. (2020). Ripresa dell’attività sportiva in seguito a pandemia COVID-19. Come comportarsi?. Giornale Italiano di Cardiologia, 21(7), 514-522. 10.1714/3386.33637
  • Mangan, D. (2020). Covid-19 and labour law in the United Kingdom. European Labour Law Journal, 11(3), 332-346. https://doi.org/10.1177/2031952520934583
  • Marwick, A. E. (2014). Ethnographic and qualitative research on Twitter. Twitter and Society, 89, 109-121.
  • Meier, H. E., Strauss, B. & Riedl, D. (2017). Feminization of sport audiences and fans? Evidence from the German men’s national soccer team. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 52(6), 712-733. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690215612457
  • Minkler, M., Griffin, J. & Wakimoto, P. (2020). Seizing the Moment: Policy advocacy to end mass incarceration in the time of covid-19. Health Education & Behavior, 47(4), 514–518. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198120933281
  • Moorhouse, B. L. (2020). Adaptations to a face-to-face initial teacher education course ‘forced’online due to the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(4), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1755205
  • Moritz, S., Gottschick, C., Horn, J., Popp, M., Langer, S., Klee, B., ... & Mikolajczyk, R. (2021). The risk of indoor sports and culture events for the transmission of covid-19. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/0.1101/2020.10.28.20221580
  • Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., ... & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (covid-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
  • Nwagbara, U. & Reid, P. (2013). Corporate social responsibility communication in the age of new media: Towards the logic of sustainability communication. Revista de Management Comparat International, 14(3), 400-414.
  • Parnell, D., Widdop, P., Bond, A. & Wilson, R. (2020). Covid-19, networks and sport. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1750100
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Popelier, P. (2020). Covid-19 legislation in Belgium at the crossroads of a political and a health crisis. The Theory and Practice of Legislation, 8(1-2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/20508840.2020.1771884
  • Posegga, O. & Jungherr, A. (2019, January). Characterizing political talk on Twitter: A comparison between public agenda, media agendas, and the Twitter agenda with regard to topics and dynamics. In Proceedings Of The 52nd Hawaii İnternational Conference on System Sciences (ss. 2590-2599). United States. 10.24251/HICSS.2019.312
  • Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). Covid-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal Of Psychiatry, 52(2020),1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066
  • Soygüden, A. (2016). Profesyonel futbol kulüplerinin gelir kaynaklarinin incelenmesi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(4), 21-35.
  • Taylor, L. & Conn, D. (2020). Premier league clubs set for £500m collective loss due to coronavirus. https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jun/11/premier-league-clubs-set-for-500m-collective-loss-due-to-coronavirus
  • Tesar, M. (2020). Towards a post-covid-19 ‘new normality?’: Physical and social distancing, the move to online and higher education. Policy Futures in Education, 18(5), 556–559. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210320935671
  • Thornton, L. (2020). Music education at a distance. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 29(3), 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057083720928615
  • Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu. (2020, Mart 12). Müsabakalarda Uygulanacak Covid-19 Tedbirlerine İlişkin Talimat. https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=687&ftxtID=33152
  • Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu. (2020, Mart 19). Ligler İleri Bir Tarihe Ertelendi. https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=687&ftxtID=33181
  • Türkmen, M. ve Özsarı, A. (2020). Covid-19 salgını ve spor sektörüne etkileri. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 8(2), 55-67. 10.14486/IntJSCS.2020.596
  • Vallerand, R. J., Ntoumanis, N., Philippe, F. L., Lavigne, G. L., Carbonneau, N., Bonneville, A., ... & Maliha, G. (2008). On passion and sports fans: A look at football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(12), 1279-1293. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802123185
  • Vardı, A. (2021). Spor endüstrisinde sponsorluk ve yayın hakları ekseninde covid-19 depremi. Aurum Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 41-57.
  • Vegara-Ferri, J. M., Carboneros, M., Deliautaite, K., Díaz-Suárez, A. & López-Gullón, J. M. (2020). Fan’s perspective on professional leagues and sporting events during covid-19 confinement period. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 16(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.164.07
  • Vigo, D., Patten, S., Pajer, K., Krausz, M., Taylor, S., Rush, B., ... & Yatham, L. N. (2020). Mental health of communities during the covid-19 pandemic. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 65(10), 681-687. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720926676
  • Webb, T. (2020). The future of officiating: Analysing the impact of covid-19 on referees in world football. Soccer & Society, 22(1-2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2020.1768634
  • Weed, M. & Foad, A. (2020). Rapid scoping review of evidence of outdoor transmission of covid-19. MedRxiv, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.04.20188417
  • World Health Organization. (2021, Nisan 24). WHO Coronavirus (Covid-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Yılmaz, H. (2020). Spor pazarlamasında tüketicilerin taraftar kimliklerinin sponsor markalara yönelik tercihlerine etkisi: farklı ilgilenim düzeylerindeki ürün gruplarında deneysel bir araştırma. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı Pazarlama Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Orijinal Makale
Yazarlar

Pelin Gönkek 0000-0001-9123-4440

Nahit Köker 0000-0002-8622-865X

R. Timuçin Gençer 0000-0003-0159-2610

Proje Numarası Araştırma Proje Numarası bulunmamaktadır.
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 12 Aralık 2021
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 17 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gönkek, P., Köker, N., & Gençer, R. T. (2021). Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 521-534. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.979295
AMA Gönkek P, Köker N, Gençer RT. Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi. JSSR. Aralık 2021;6(2):521-534. doi:10.25307/jssr.979295
Chicago Gönkek, Pelin, Nahit Köker, ve R. Timuçin Gençer. “Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün Ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 6, sy. 2 (Aralık 2021): 521-34. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.979295.
EndNote Gönkek P, Köker N, Gençer RT (01 Aralık 2021) Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 2 521–534.
IEEE P. Gönkek, N. Köker, ve R. T. Gençer, “Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi”, JSSR, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 521–534, 2021, doi: 10.25307/jssr.979295.
ISNAD Gönkek, Pelin vd. “Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün Ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/2 (Aralık 2021), 521-534. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.979295.
JAMA Gönkek P, Köker N, Gençer RT. Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi. JSSR. 2021;6:521–534.
MLA Gönkek, Pelin vd. “Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün Ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 521-34, doi:10.25307/jssr.979295.
Vancouver Gönkek P, Köker N, Gençer RT. Dört Büyük Futbol Kulübünün ve Taraftarlarının Twitter’daki Covid-19 Paylaşımlarının Netnografik Analizi. JSSR. 2021;6(2):521-34.
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