Bireysel ve Toplumsal Faydanın Turizmi Etkileyen Olumlu Faktörler ve Turizm Faaliyetlerinin Gelişimi Üzerinde Etkisi: Giresun İli Örneği
Öz
Araştırmanın amacı, turizmi etkileyen faktörlerin olumlu algılanması ve turizm faaliyetlerinin gelişmesine yönelik tutum üzerinde bireysel ve toplumsal faydanın etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın verileri, 8 Ekim-14 Kasım 2019 tarihleri arasında, Giresun il sınırlarında gerçekleştirilen saha araştırmasından elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların yanıtlaması için 30’u beşli likert derecelendirme ve 7’si demografik olmak üzere toplam 37 soru yöneltilmiştir. Hipotezlerin test edilmesinde istatistik programı, IBM SPSS 25 kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları göstermiştir ki; bireysel ve toplumsal fayda, turizmin faaliyetlerinin gelişmesi, turizmi etkileyen olumlu faktörlerin (ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel, çevresel) arasında (p<0,01) düzeyinde, anlamlı ve pozitif ilişki vardır. Bireysel ve toplumsal faydanın, algılanan olumlu turizm faktörleri ve turizm faaliyetlerinin gelişmesi üzerinde etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, algılanan olumlu turizm faktörleri, turizm faaliyetlerinin gelişmesini etkilemektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Turizmi Etkileyen Faktörler Bireysel ve Toplumsal Fayda Turizm faaliyetlerinin Gelişimi Giresun
Kaynakça
- Akgün, A. (2016). Giresun ilinin turizm potansiyelinin belirlenmesi, yerel Halk ve sektör temsilcilerinin algısı üzerine bir araştırma. Masters Dissertation. Nevşehir: Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi.
- Andereck, K., Valentine, K., Knopf, R. and Vogt, C. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1056–1076.
- Ap, J. (1992). Resıdents' perceptıons on tourism impacts. Annals of Tounsm Research, 19, 665-690.
- Ap, J. and Crompton, J. (1998). Developing and testing a tourism impact scale. Journal of Travel Research, 37, 120-130.
- Başer, V. (2019). Yaylalardaki arazi kullanım değişiminin coğrafi bilgi sistemi ile analizi: Giresun örneği. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 167-175.
- Brankov, J., Glavonjić, T., Pešić, A., Petrović, M. and Tretiakova, T. (2019). Residents’ perceptions of tourism impact on community in national parks in Serbia. European Countryside, 11(1), 124-142.
- Brida, J., Disegna, M. and Osti, L. (2014). Residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts and attitudes towards tourism policies. Tourısmos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 9(1), 37-71.
- Brunt, P. and Courtney, P. (1999). Host perceptions of sociocultural impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 493-515.
- Cannonier, C., & Burke, M. (2019). The economic growth impact of tourism in Small Island Developing States—evidence from the Caribbean. Tourism Economics, 25(1), 85-108.
- Cooke, K. (1982). Guidelines for socially appropriate tourism development in British Columbia. Journal of Travel Research, 21(1), 22–28.
- Gilbert, D. and Clark, M. (1997). An exploratory examination of urban tourism impact, with reference to residents attitudes in the cities of Canterbury and Guildford. Cities, 14(6), 343-352.
- Giresun İli 2015 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu. (2016). Giresun: T.C. Giresun Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü.
- Gürbüz, S. and Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz, Ankara: Seçkin Akademik ve Mesleki Yayınlar.
- Haralambopoulos, N. and Pizam, A. (1996). Perceived impacts of tourism: the case of Samos. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(3), 503-526.
- Henche, B., Salvaj, E., & Cuesta-Valiño, P. (2020). A Sustainable Management Model for Cultural Creative Tourism Ecosystems. Sustainability, 12(22), 1-21.
- Huang, Y. H. and Stewart, W. (1996). Rural tourism development: shifting basis of community solidarity. Journal of Travel Research, 36(4), 26-31.
- Jurowski, C., Uysal, M. and Williams, D. (1997). A theoretical analysis of host community resident reactions to tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 36(2), 3-11.
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
- Ko, D.-W. and Stewart, W. (2002). A structural equation model of residents’ attitudes for tourism development. Tourism Management, 23 (5), 521-530.
- Lepp, A. (2007). Residents’ attitudes towards tourism in Bigodi Village, Uganda. Tourism Management, 28, 876-885.
- Liu, H., Xiao, Y., Wang, B., & Wu, D. (2021). Effects of tourism development on economic growth: An empirical study of China based on both static and dynamic spatial Durbin models. Tourism Economics, 20(10), 1-26.
- Liu, J. and Var, T. (1986). Resident attitudes toward tourism impacts in Hawaii. Annals of Tourism Research, 13(2), 193-214.
- Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99-113.
- McCool, S. and Martin, S. (1994). Community attachment and attitudes toward tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 32(3, 29-34.
- McGehee, N. and Andereck, K. (2004). Factors predicting rural residents’ support of tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 131-140.
- Mohammadi, M., Khalifah, Z. and Hosseini, H. (2010). Local people perceptions toward social, economic and environmental impacts of tourism in Kermanshah (Iran). Asian Social Science, 6(11), 220-225.
- Muresan, I., Oroian, C., Harun, R., Arion, F., Porutiu, A., Chiciudean, G. O, Todea, A. and Lile, R. (2016). Local residents’ attitude toward sustainable rural tourism development. Sustainability, 8(1). 1-14.
- Özdemir, M. and Kervankıran, İ. (2011). Turizm ve turizmin etkileri konusunda yerel halkın yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi: Afyonkarahisar örneği. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 24, 1-25.
- Pizam, A. and Milman, A. (1984). The social impacts of tourism. UNEP Industry and Environment, 7(1), 11-14.
- Platania, S. and Santisi, G. (2016), The Evaluation of the Impact of Tourism on Residents: The Case of Taormina. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 88-97.
- Richards, G. (2018). Cultural tourism: A review of recent research and trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 12-21.
- Shariff, N. (2005). Development of a resident attitude scale toward tourism in Langkawi: comparing eastern and western contexts. ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism, 4, 103-113.
- Sırakaya, E., Teye, V. and Sönmez, S. (2002). Understanding residents’ support for tourism development in the Central Region of Ghana. Journal of Travel Research, 41, 57-67.
- Soares, J.-R.-R., Casado-Claro, M.-F., Lezcano-González, M.-E., Sánchez-Fernández, M.-D., Gabriel, L.-P.-M.-C., & Abríl-Sellarés, M. (2021). The Role of the Local Host Community’s Involvement in the Development of Tourism: A Case Study of the Residents’ Perceptions toward Tourism on the Route of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Sustainability, 13(17), 1-24.
- Şimşek, Ö. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş temel ilkeler ve LISREL Uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks.
- Wang, Y. and Pfister, R. (2008). Residents attitudes toward tourism and perceived personal benefits in a rural community. Journal of Travel Research, 47(1), 84-93.
- Yıldız, Z. (2011). Turizmin sektörünün gelişimi ve istihdam üzerindeki etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 3(5), 54-71.
- Zhou, C., & Sotiriadis, M. (2021). Exploring and Evaluating the Impact of ICTs on Culture and Tourism Industries’ Convergence: Evidence from China. Sustainability, 13(21), 1-18.
Positive Factors Affecting Tourism and The Impact of Individualistic and Social Benefits on the Development of Tourism Activities: The Case of Turkey’s Giresun Province
Öz
This study aims to reveal the effect of individual and social benefits on the positive perception of factors affecting tourism and attitude towards the development of tourism activities. The data of the research was obtained from the field research conducted in Giresun province borders between October 8 and November 14, 2019. A total of 37 questions, 30 of which were five-point Likert ratings and 7 were demographic, were asked to answer the participants. The statistics program, IBM SPSS 25, was used to test the hypotheses. The results of this research show that; there is a significant and positive relationship among themselves (economic, social and cultural, environmental) at the level of (p<0,01) among them, personal and social benefit, development of tourism activities, positive factors affecting tourism. It is concluded that individual and social benefits affect the perceived positive effects of tourism and the development of tourism activities. In addition, perceived positive tourism factors affect the development of tourism activities.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Factors Affecting Tourism Personal and Social Benefits Tourism Activities Giresun Turizmi Etkileyen Faktörler Bireysel ve Toplumsal Fayda Turizm faaliyetlerinin Gelişimi
Kaynakça
- Akgün, A. (2016). Giresun ilinin turizm potansiyelinin belirlenmesi, yerel Halk ve sektör temsilcilerinin algısı üzerine bir araştırma. Masters Dissertation. Nevşehir: Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi.
- Andereck, K., Valentine, K., Knopf, R. and Vogt, C. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1056–1076.
- Ap, J. (1992). Resıdents' perceptıons on tourism impacts. Annals of Tounsm Research, 19, 665-690.
- Ap, J. and Crompton, J. (1998). Developing and testing a tourism impact scale. Journal of Travel Research, 37, 120-130.
- Başer, V. (2019). Yaylalardaki arazi kullanım değişiminin coğrafi bilgi sistemi ile analizi: Giresun örneği. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 167-175.
- Brankov, J., Glavonjić, T., Pešić, A., Petrović, M. and Tretiakova, T. (2019). Residents’ perceptions of tourism impact on community in national parks in Serbia. European Countryside, 11(1), 124-142.
- Brida, J., Disegna, M. and Osti, L. (2014). Residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts and attitudes towards tourism policies. Tourısmos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 9(1), 37-71.
- Brunt, P. and Courtney, P. (1999). Host perceptions of sociocultural impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 493-515.
- Cannonier, C., & Burke, M. (2019). The economic growth impact of tourism in Small Island Developing States—evidence from the Caribbean. Tourism Economics, 25(1), 85-108.
- Cooke, K. (1982). Guidelines for socially appropriate tourism development in British Columbia. Journal of Travel Research, 21(1), 22–28.
- Gilbert, D. and Clark, M. (1997). An exploratory examination of urban tourism impact, with reference to residents attitudes in the cities of Canterbury and Guildford. Cities, 14(6), 343-352.
- Giresun İli 2015 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu. (2016). Giresun: T.C. Giresun Valiliği Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü.
- Gürbüz, S. and Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz, Ankara: Seçkin Akademik ve Mesleki Yayınlar.
- Haralambopoulos, N. and Pizam, A. (1996). Perceived impacts of tourism: the case of Samos. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(3), 503-526.
- Henche, B., Salvaj, E., & Cuesta-Valiño, P. (2020). A Sustainable Management Model for Cultural Creative Tourism Ecosystems. Sustainability, 12(22), 1-21.
- Huang, Y. H. and Stewart, W. (1996). Rural tourism development: shifting basis of community solidarity. Journal of Travel Research, 36(4), 26-31.
- Jurowski, C., Uysal, M. and Williams, D. (1997). A theoretical analysis of host community resident reactions to tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 36(2), 3-11.
- Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
- Ko, D.-W. and Stewart, W. (2002). A structural equation model of residents’ attitudes for tourism development. Tourism Management, 23 (5), 521-530.
- Lepp, A. (2007). Residents’ attitudes towards tourism in Bigodi Village, Uganda. Tourism Management, 28, 876-885.
- Liu, H., Xiao, Y., Wang, B., & Wu, D. (2021). Effects of tourism development on economic growth: An empirical study of China based on both static and dynamic spatial Durbin models. Tourism Economics, 20(10), 1-26.
- Liu, J. and Var, T. (1986). Resident attitudes toward tourism impacts in Hawaii. Annals of Tourism Research, 13(2), 193-214.
- Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99-113.
- McCool, S. and Martin, S. (1994). Community attachment and attitudes toward tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 32(3, 29-34.
- McGehee, N. and Andereck, K. (2004). Factors predicting rural residents’ support of tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 131-140.
- Mohammadi, M., Khalifah, Z. and Hosseini, H. (2010). Local people perceptions toward social, economic and environmental impacts of tourism in Kermanshah (Iran). Asian Social Science, 6(11), 220-225.
- Muresan, I., Oroian, C., Harun, R., Arion, F., Porutiu, A., Chiciudean, G. O, Todea, A. and Lile, R. (2016). Local residents’ attitude toward sustainable rural tourism development. Sustainability, 8(1). 1-14.
- Özdemir, M. and Kervankıran, İ. (2011). Turizm ve turizmin etkileri konusunda yerel halkın yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi: Afyonkarahisar örneği. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 24, 1-25.
- Pizam, A. and Milman, A. (1984). The social impacts of tourism. UNEP Industry and Environment, 7(1), 11-14.
- Platania, S. and Santisi, G. (2016), The Evaluation of the Impact of Tourism on Residents: The Case of Taormina. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 88-97.
- Richards, G. (2018). Cultural tourism: A review of recent research and trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 12-21.
- Shariff, N. (2005). Development of a resident attitude scale toward tourism in Langkawi: comparing eastern and western contexts. ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism, 4, 103-113.
- Sırakaya, E., Teye, V. and Sönmez, S. (2002). Understanding residents’ support for tourism development in the Central Region of Ghana. Journal of Travel Research, 41, 57-67.
- Soares, J.-R.-R., Casado-Claro, M.-F., Lezcano-González, M.-E., Sánchez-Fernández, M.-D., Gabriel, L.-P.-M.-C., & Abríl-Sellarés, M. (2021). The Role of the Local Host Community’s Involvement in the Development of Tourism: A Case Study of the Residents’ Perceptions toward Tourism on the Route of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Sustainability, 13(17), 1-24.
- Şimşek, Ö. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş temel ilkeler ve LISREL Uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks.
- Wang, Y. and Pfister, R. (2008). Residents attitudes toward tourism and perceived personal benefits in a rural community. Journal of Travel Research, 47(1), 84-93.
- Yıldız, Z. (2011). Turizmin sektörünün gelişimi ve istihdam üzerindeki etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 3(5), 54-71.
- Zhou, C., & Sotiriadis, M. (2021). Exploring and Evaluating the Impact of ICTs on Culture and Tourism Industries’ Convergence: Evidence from China. Sustainability, 13(21), 1-18.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 |
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