Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis

Tülin Çoban; Volkan Gün; Sevda Betül Bozkurt; Busenur Sarıduman; Büşra Güleçer; Cristina Cebanova; Ebru Ocak; Elif İkiz; Mert Kara; Merve Nur Uluğ; Muhammed Taha Uludağ; Hilal Özcebe

doi:10.26650/jchild.2023.1024731

Araştırma Makalesi

Çocukları Hedefleyen YouTube Videolarında Yiyecek ve İçecek İçerikleri: Tanımlayıcı Bir Analiz

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 50 - 57, 27.03.2023

Tülin Çoban Volkan Gün Sevda Betül Bozkurt Busenur Sarıduman Büşra Güleçer Cristina Cebanova Ebru Ocak Elif İkiz Mert Kara Merve Nur Uluğ Muhammed Taha Uludağ Hilal Özcebe

https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1024731

Öz

Amaç: Araştırmalar, YouTube videolarındaki gıda reklamlarının çoğunun sağlıksız ve işlenmiş gıdalara ait olduğunu ve bu platformun kontrolden yoksun olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu araştırmada en fazla izlenen çocuklara yönelik YouTube kanallarında, en fazla görüntülenen videolarda, yer alan reklamların yiyecek ve içecek içerikleri açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntem: YouTube’da izlenme sıklıklarına göre seçilen 69 kanalın her birinde en çok izlenen beş video (toplam 345 video) izlenmiştir. Videolar ve videolar sırasında gösterilen tüm reklamlar, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan veri toplama formu ile belirlenen kriterlere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: İzlenen videoların %21,2’sinde reklam gösterilmemişti. Videolarda en fazla yer alan reklam konuları “mobil oyunlar”, “bilgisayar oyunları” ve “oyuncaklar” (sırasıyla %27,9; %22,7; %13,9) idi. Reklamların %7,4’ü yiyecekler, %2’si içecekler, %0,1’i ise her ikisi hakkındaydı. En fazla reklamı yapılan yiyecekler çikolata, sakız ve kekti. Araştırmada izlenen tüm videoların %28,1’i reklamdan bağımsız olarak yiyecek; %6,1’i içecek içeriyordu. Videoların %76,2’sinde beslenme ve gıda ile ilgili herhangi bir mesaj yoktu. Tüm videoların %12,5’inde sağlıklı beslenen/sağlıklı beslenmeyi teşvik eden; %11,3’ünde ise sağlıksız/sağlıksız beslenmeyi teşvik eden karakterler vardı. Masal/hikâye temalı videoların %46,2’sinde sağlıklı beslenmeyi teşvik eden karakter ve mesajlar bulunurken, bilgisayar oyunları ile ilgili videolarda beslenme ile ilgili mesajlara yer verilmemişti. Sonuç: Dijital platformlarda reklam verme konusunda düzenlemelere ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, çocukluk çağı obezitesi ile ilgili mevcut tehditleri görünür kılmak için endüstrinin izlenmesi hayati önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

çocuk; gıda endüstrisi, reklam; sosyal pazarlama; video

Destekleyen Kurum

Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi

Kaynakça

1. UNICEF. State of the world’s children: Children in a digital age, December, 2017. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/bulgaria/ media/421/file/State%20of%20the%20world’s%20children%20 -%20children%20in%20a%20digital%20age.pdf. (Access date: 12.01.2023) google scholar
2. Reid Chassiakos Y, Radesky J, Christakis D, Moreno MA, Cross C, AAP Council on Communications and Media. Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics. 2016; 138(5): e20162593. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2593. google scholar
3. OFCOM. Children and parents: media use and attitudes report 2020/21. UK, 2021. Available from: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__ data/assets/pdf_file/0025/217825/children-and-parents- media-use-and-attitudes-report-2020-21.pdf (Access date: 15.01.2023) google scholar
4. Baldwin HJ, Freeman B, Kelly B. Like and share: associations between social media engagement and dietary choices in children. Public Health Nutr. 2018; 21(17):3210-3215. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018001866. google scholar
5. Pew Research Center. Teens, Social Media and Technology. USA, 2018. Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/ internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/ (Access date: 19.08.2021) google scholar
6. Potvin Kent M, Pauze E, Roy EA, de Billy N, Czoli C. Children and adolescents’ exposure to food and beverage marketing in social media apps. Pediatr Obes. 2019; 14(6):e12508. doi: 10.1111/ ijpo.12508. google scholar
7. World Health Organization European Region. Tackling food marketing to children in a digital world: trans-disciplinary perspectives Children’s rights, evidence of impact, methodological challenges, regulatory options and policy implications for the WHO European Region. Copenhagen, 2016. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/322226/ Tackling-food-marketing-children-digital-world-trans-disciplinary-perspectives-en.pdf (Access date: 17.08.2021) google scholar
8. Radesky J, Chassiakos YLR, Ameenuddin N, Navsaria D. AAP Council on Communications and Media. Digital Advertising to Children. Pediatrics. 2020; 146(1):e20201681. doi: 10.1542/ peds.2020-1681. google scholar
9. Smith R, Kelly B, Yeatman H, Boyland E. Food marketing influences children’s attitudes, preferences and consumption: A systematic critical review. Nutrients. 2019; 11(4):875. doi: 10.3390/ nu11040875. google scholar
10. Thai CL, Serrano KJ, Yaroch AL, Nebeling L, Oh A. Perceptions of food advertising and association with consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods among adolescents in the United States: results from a national survey. J Health Commun. 2017; 22(8):638-646. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1339145. google scholar
10. Sadeghirad B, Duhaney T, Motaghipisheh S, Campbell NRC, Johnston BC. Influence of unhealthy food and beverage marketing on children’s dietary intake and preference: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Obes Rev. 2016; 17(10):945-959. doi: 10.1111/obr.12445. google scholar
11. Norman J, Kelly B, Boyland E, McMahon AT. The impact of marketing and advertising on food behaviours: evaluating the evidence for a causal relationship. Curr Nutr Rep. 2016; 5(3):139-149. doi: 10.1007/s13668-016-0166-6. google scholar
12. Kelly B, Vandevijvere S, Freeman B, Jenkin G. New media but same old tricks: food marketing to children in the digital age. Curr Obes Rep. 2015; 4(1):37-45. doi: 10.1007/s13679-014-0128-5. google scholar
13. Boyland EJ, Whalen R. Food advertising to children and its effects on diet: review of recent prevalence and impact data. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:331-337. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12278. google scholar
14. Castello-Martinez, A, Tur-Vines, V. Obesity and food-related content aimed at children on YouTube. Clin Obes. 2020; 10:e12389. doi: 10.1111/cob.12389. google scholar
15. Tan L, Ng SH, Omar A, Karupaiah T. What’s on YouTube? A case study on food and beverage advertising in videos targeted at children on social media. Child Obes. 2018; 14(5):280-290. doi: 10.1089/chi.2018.0037. google scholar
16. Coates AE, Hardman CA, Halford JC, Christiansen P, Boyland EJ. Social media influencer marketing and children’s food intake: a randomized trial. Pediatrics 2019; 143(4): e20182554. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2554. google scholar
17. YouTube. Google LLC © 2021. Available from: https://tr.wikipedia. org/wiki/YouTube (Access date: 19.08.2021) google scholar
18. Alexa. “youtube.com. Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic.” Available from: https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube. com (Access date: 19.08.2021) google scholar
19. Social Blade LLC © 2021. Available from: https://socialblade.com/ (Access date: 16.08.2021) google scholar
20. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi, 2015. [ T.R. Ministry of Health. Public Health Agency of Turkey. Turkey Dietary Guidelines, 2015] Available from: https:// hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Turkiye_Beslenme_Rehberi_TUBER_18_04_2019.pdf (Access date: 15.01.2023) google scholar
21. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Çocuklara Yönelik Aşırı Tüketimi Tavsiye Edilmeyen Gıdalar ve İçecekler İle İlgili Reklamlar İçin Besin Profili Modeli Kullanım Rehberi [T.R. Ministry of Health. Nutritional Profile Model Usage Guide for Advertisements Related to Foods Not Recommended for Children.] Ankara, 2018. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme- hareketli-hayat-db/tuz-ve-saglik/Besin_Profili_Modeli_Kullanim_ Rehberi_1.6.2018.pdf. (Access date: 13.01.2023) google scholar
22. Vikipedi. “Video blog.” Available from: https://tr.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Video_blog (Access date: 12.10.2021) google scholar
23. YouTube Help. Ad Settings. Google LLC © 2021. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/intl/ALL_tr/howyoutubeworks/user-settings/ad-settings/ (Access date: 19.09.2021) google scholar
24. Google Account Help. Age restrictions on Google Accounts. Google LLC © 2021. Available from: https://support.google.com/accounts/ answer/1350409 (Access date: 19.98.2021) google scholar
25. The UK Council for Child Internet Safety (UKCCIS). Child Safety Online A Practical Guide for Providers of Social Media and Interactive Services. UK, 2015. Available from: https://assets. publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/487973/ukccis_guide-final__3_.pdf (Access date: 19.09.2021) google scholar
26. Hinterberger C, Weiss E, Whelan M, Sen A. Food and beverage marketing to children on YouTube: An advertisement content analysis and nutritional comparison. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020; 120(9):A51. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.151 google scholar
27. Coates AE, Hardman CA, Halford JCG, Christiansen P, Boyland EJ. Food and Beverage Cues Featured in YouTube Videos of Social Media Influencers Popular with Children: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychol. 2019; 10:2142. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02142. google scholar
28. Dilber F, Dilber A. Çocukların Beslenme alışkanlıklarına gıda reklamlarının etkisi: Karaman ili alan araştırması [Effect of food advertisements on children’s nutritional habits: Karaman field study.] Injosos Al-Farabi International Journal on Social Sciences 2018; 2(2):150-178. google scholar
29. Kang E, Lee J, Kim KH, Yun YH. The popularity of eating broadcast: Content analysis of “mukbang” YouTube videos, media coverage, and the health impact of “mukbang” on public. Health Informatics J. 2020; 26(3):2237-2248. doi: 10.1177/1460458220901360. google scholar
30. YouTube Help. Manage ads on videos. Google LLC © 2021. Available from: https://support.google.com/youtube/ topic/7072227?hl=tr&ref_topic=12633 (Access date: 19.09.2021) google scholar
31. Özdel G. Yeni Reklam Ortamı Olarak Vlog’larda Ürün Tanıtımı ve Anlam Üretimi [Vlog’s and creating new brand meanings as a new advertising tool.] e-Journal of New Media 2018; 2(1):1-15. doi: 10.17932/IAU.EJNM.25480200.2018.2/1.1-15. google scholar
32. Alruwaily A, Mangold C, Greene T, Arshonsky J, Cassidy O, Pomeranz JL, Bragg M. Child social media influencers and unhealthy food product placement. Pediatrics 2020; 146(5):e20194057. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-4057. google scholar
33. Coates A, Boyland E. Kid influencers-a new arena of social media food marketing. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021; 17:133-134. doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-00455-0. google scholar
34. Türkiye’de Çocuklara Yönelik Gıda Pazarlamasının İzlenmesi Raporu, 2018, Yazarlar: Bosi T, Ergüder T, Breda J, Jewell J. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Türkiye Ofisi, Ankara, 2018. Available from: https:// www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/383093/food-marketing-tur-tur.pdf (Access date: 28.08.2021) google scholar
35. World Health Organization. Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: implementation plan: executive summary. WHO, 2017. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/259349. (Access date: 30.08.2021) google scholar

Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 50 - 57, 27.03.2023

Tülin Çoban Volkan Gün Sevda Betül Bozkurt Busenur Sarıduman Büşra Güleçer Cristina Cebanova Ebru Ocak Elif İkiz Mert Kara Merve Nur Uluğ Muhammed Taha Uludağ Hilal Özcebe

https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1024731

Öz

Objective: Research shows that most of the food advertisements in YouTube videos belong to unhealthy and processed foods and this platform lacks control. In this research, it is aimed to evaluate the advertisements in the most viewed videos on the most watched children’s YouTube channels in terms of food and beverage content. Methods: The five most-watched videos (345 videos in total) on each of the 69 channels, selected by ratings on YouTube, were watched. The videos and all the advertisements shown during videos were assessed according to the determined criteria through the data collection form prepared by the researchers. Results: No ad was displayed in 21.2% of the videos watched. The subjects of advertisements in the videos were mostly “mobile games”, “computer games” and “toys” (27.9%; 22.7%; 13.9%, respectively). Of the videos, 7.4% were about food, 2% drinks, and 0.1% both. The most advertised foods were chocolate, chewing gum, and cake. Of the 345 videos analyzed, 28.1% contained food and 6.1% beverages, regardless of the advertisements. In 76.2% of the videos, there were no messages about nutrition and food. There were some characters eating healthily/ encouraging a healthy diet in 12.5% of all videos and some characters eating unhealthily/encouraging an unhealthy diet in 11.3%. While 46.2% of the fairy tale/story-themed videos contained characters and messages encouraging healthy eating, the videos about computer games did not include messages about nutrition. Conclusion: There is a need for regulations regarding advertising on digital platforms. It is also vital to monitor the industry to make visible the current threats to childhood obesity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Advertisement, child, food industry, social marketing, video

Kaynakça

1. UNICEF. State of the world’s children: Children in a digital age, December, 2017. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/bulgaria/ media/421/file/State%20of%20the%20world’s%20children%20 -%20children%20in%20a%20digital%20age.pdf. (Access date: 12.01.2023) google scholar
2. Reid Chassiakos Y, Radesky J, Christakis D, Moreno MA, Cross C, AAP Council on Communications and Media. Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics. 2016; 138(5): e20162593. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2593. google scholar
3. OFCOM. Children and parents: media use and attitudes report 2020/21. UK, 2021. Available from: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__ data/assets/pdf_file/0025/217825/children-and-parents- media-use-and-attitudes-report-2020-21.pdf (Access date: 15.01.2023) google scholar
4. Baldwin HJ, Freeman B, Kelly B. Like and share: associations between social media engagement and dietary choices in children. Public Health Nutr. 2018; 21(17):3210-3215. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018001866. google scholar
5. Pew Research Center. Teens, Social Media and Technology. USA, 2018. Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/ internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/ (Access date: 19.08.2021) google scholar
6. Potvin Kent M, Pauze E, Roy EA, de Billy N, Czoli C. Children and adolescents’ exposure to food and beverage marketing in social media apps. Pediatr Obes. 2019; 14(6):e12508. doi: 10.1111/ ijpo.12508. google scholar
7. World Health Organization European Region. Tackling food marketing to children in a digital world: trans-disciplinary perspectives Children’s rights, evidence of impact, methodological challenges, regulatory options and policy implications for the WHO European Region. Copenhagen, 2016. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/322226/ Tackling-food-marketing-children-digital-world-trans-disciplinary-perspectives-en.pdf (Access date: 17.08.2021) google scholar
8. Radesky J, Chassiakos YLR, Ameenuddin N, Navsaria D. AAP Council on Communications and Media. Digital Advertising to Children. Pediatrics. 2020; 146(1):e20201681. doi: 10.1542/ peds.2020-1681. google scholar
9. Smith R, Kelly B, Yeatman H, Boyland E. Food marketing influences children’s attitudes, preferences and consumption: A systematic critical review. Nutrients. 2019; 11(4):875. doi: 10.3390/ nu11040875. google scholar
10. Thai CL, Serrano KJ, Yaroch AL, Nebeling L, Oh A. Perceptions of food advertising and association with consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods among adolescents in the United States: results from a national survey. J Health Commun. 2017; 22(8):638-646. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1339145. google scholar
10. Sadeghirad B, Duhaney T, Motaghipisheh S, Campbell NRC, Johnston BC. Influence of unhealthy food and beverage marketing on children’s dietary intake and preference: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Obes Rev. 2016; 17(10):945-959. doi: 10.1111/obr.12445. google scholar
11. Norman J, Kelly B, Boyland E, McMahon AT. The impact of marketing and advertising on food behaviours: evaluating the evidence for a causal relationship. Curr Nutr Rep. 2016; 5(3):139-149. doi: 10.1007/s13668-016-0166-6. google scholar
12. Kelly B, Vandevijvere S, Freeman B, Jenkin G. New media but same old tricks: food marketing to children in the digital age. Curr Obes Rep. 2015; 4(1):37-45. doi: 10.1007/s13679-014-0128-5. google scholar
13. Boyland EJ, Whalen R. Food advertising to children and its effects on diet: review of recent prevalence and impact data. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:331-337. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12278. google scholar
14. Castello-Martinez, A, Tur-Vines, V. Obesity and food-related content aimed at children on YouTube. Clin Obes. 2020; 10:e12389. doi: 10.1111/cob.12389. google scholar
15. Tan L, Ng SH, Omar A, Karupaiah T. What’s on YouTube? A case study on food and beverage advertising in videos targeted at children on social media. Child Obes. 2018; 14(5):280-290. doi: 10.1089/chi.2018.0037. google scholar
16. Coates AE, Hardman CA, Halford JC, Christiansen P, Boyland EJ. Social media influencer marketing and children’s food intake: a randomized trial. Pediatrics 2019; 143(4): e20182554. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2554. google scholar
17. YouTube. Google LLC © 2021. Available from: https://tr.wikipedia. org/wiki/YouTube (Access date: 19.08.2021) google scholar
18. Alexa. “youtube.com. Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic.” Available from: https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube. com (Access date: 19.08.2021) google scholar
20. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi, 2015. [ T.R. Ministry of Health. Public Health Agency of Turkey. Turkey Dietary Guidelines, 2015] Available from: https:// hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Turkiye_Beslenme_Rehberi_TUBER_18_04_2019.pdf (Access date: 15.01.2023) google scholar
21. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Çocuklara Yönelik Aşırı Tüketimi Tavsiye Edilmeyen Gıdalar ve İçecekler İle İlgili Reklamlar İçin Besin Profili Modeli Kullanım Rehberi [T.R. Ministry of Health. Nutritional Profile Model Usage Guide for Advertisements Related to Foods Not Recommended for Children.] Ankara, 2018. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme- hareketli-hayat-db/tuz-ve-saglik/Besin_Profili_Modeli_Kullanim_ Rehberi_1.6.2018.pdf. (Access date: 13.01.2023) google scholar
22. Vikipedi. “Video blog.” Available from: https://tr.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Video_blog (Access date: 12.10.2021) google scholar
23. YouTube Help. Ad Settings. Google LLC © 2021. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/intl/ALL_tr/howyoutubeworks/user-settings/ad-settings/ (Access date: 19.09.2021) google scholar
24. Google Account Help. Age restrictions on Google Accounts. Google LLC © 2021. Available from: https://support.google.com/accounts/ answer/1350409 (Access date: 19.98.2021) google scholar
25. The UK Council for Child Internet Safety (UKCCIS). Child Safety Online A Practical Guide for Providers of Social Media and Interactive Services. UK, 2015. Available from: https://assets. publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/487973/ukccis_guide-final__3_.pdf (Access date: 19.09.2021) google scholar
26. Hinterberger C, Weiss E, Whelan M, Sen A. Food and beverage marketing to children on YouTube: An advertisement content analysis and nutritional comparison. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020; 120(9):A51. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.151 google scholar
27. Coates AE, Hardman CA, Halford JCG, Christiansen P, Boyland EJ. Food and Beverage Cues Featured in YouTube Videos of Social Media Influencers Popular with Children: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychol. 2019; 10:2142. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02142. google scholar
28. Dilber F, Dilber A. Çocukların Beslenme alışkanlıklarına gıda reklamlarının etkisi: Karaman ili alan araştırması [Effect of food advertisements on children’s nutritional habits: Karaman field study.] Injosos Al-Farabi International Journal on Social Sciences 2018; 2(2):150-178. google scholar
29. Kang E, Lee J, Kim KH, Yun YH. The popularity of eating broadcast: Content analysis of “mukbang” YouTube videos, media coverage, and the health impact of “mukbang” on public. Health Informatics J. 2020; 26(3):2237-2248. doi: 10.1177/1460458220901360. google scholar
30. YouTube Help. Manage ads on videos. Google LLC © 2021. Available from: https://support.google.com/youtube/ topic/7072227?hl=tr&ref_topic=12633 (Access date: 19.09.2021) google scholar
31. Özdel G. Yeni Reklam Ortamı Olarak Vlog’larda Ürün Tanıtımı ve Anlam Üretimi [Vlog’s and creating new brand meanings as a new advertising tool.] e-Journal of New Media 2018; 2(1):1-15. doi: 10.17932/IAU.EJNM.25480200.2018.2/1.1-15. google scholar
32. Alruwaily A, Mangold C, Greene T, Arshonsky J, Cassidy O, Pomeranz JL, Bragg M. Child social media influencers and unhealthy food product placement. Pediatrics 2020; 146(5):e20194057. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-4057. google scholar
33. Coates A, Boyland E. Kid influencers-a new arena of social media food marketing. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021; 17:133-134. doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-00455-0. google scholar
34. Türkiye’de Çocuklara Yönelik Gıda Pazarlamasının İzlenmesi Raporu, 2018, Yazarlar: Bosi T, Ergüder T, Breda J, Jewell J. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Türkiye Ofisi, Ankara, 2018. Available from: https:// www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/383093/food-marketing-tur-tur.pdf (Access date: 28.08.2021) google scholar
35. World Health Organization. Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: implementation plan: executive summary. WHO, 2017. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/259349. (Access date: 30.08.2021) google scholar

Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Tülin Çoban 0000-0003-1665-129X Volkan Gün Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7137-4526 Sevda Betül Bozkurt Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7355-3103 Busenur Sarıduman Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6778-301X Büşra Güleçer Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1345-7099 Cristina Cebanova Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3425-2372 Ebru Ocak Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7598-847X Elif İkiz Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2532-1954 Mert Kara Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8368-3497 Merve Nur Uluğ Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4854-1706 Muhammed Taha Uludağ Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2243-4905 Hilal Özcebe 0000-0002-0918-8519
Yayımlanma Tarihi	27 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Çoban, T., Gün, V., Bozkurt, S. B., Sarıduman, B., vd. (2023). Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis. Journal of Child, 23(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1024731
AMA	Çoban T, Gün V, Bozkurt SB, Sarıduman B, Güleçer B, Cebanova C, Ocak E, İkiz E, Kara M, Uluğ MN, Uludağ MT, Özcebe H. Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis. Journal of Child. Mart 2023;23(1):50-57. doi:10.26650/jchild.2023.1024731
Chicago	Çoban, Tülin, Volkan Gün, Sevda Betül Bozkurt, Busenur Sarıduman, Büşra Güleçer, Cristina Cebanova, Ebru Ocak, Elif İkiz, Mert Kara, Merve Nur Uluğ, Muhammed Taha Uludağ, ve Hilal Özcebe. “Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis”. Journal of Child 23, sy. 1 (Mart 2023): 50-57. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1024731.
EndNote	Çoban T, Gün V, Bozkurt SB, Sarıduman B, Güleçer B, Cebanova C, Ocak E, İkiz E, Kara M, Uluğ MN, Uludağ MT, Özcebe H (01 Mart 2023) Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis. Journal of Child 23 1 50–57.
IEEE	T. Çoban, “Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis”, Journal of Child, c. 23, sy. 1, ss. 50–57, 2023, doi: 10.26650/jchild.2023.1024731.
ISNAD	Çoban, Tülin vd. “Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis”. Journal of Child 23/1 (Mart 2023), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1024731.
JAMA	Çoban T, Gün V, Bozkurt SB, Sarıduman B, Güleçer B, Cebanova C, Ocak E, İkiz E, Kara M, Uluğ MN, Uludağ MT, Özcebe H. Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis. Journal of Child. 2023;23:50–57.
MLA	Çoban, Tülin vd. “Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis”. Journal of Child, c. 23, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 50-57, doi:10.26650/jchild.2023.1024731.
Vancouver	Çoban T, Gün V, Bozkurt SB, Sarıduman B, Güleçer B, Cebanova C, Ocak E, İkiz E, Kara M, Uluğ MN, Uludağ MT, Özcebe H. Food and Beverage Content on YouTube Videos Targeting Children: A Descriptive Analysis. Journal of Child. 2023;23(1):50-7.

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