Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Sayı: 61, 65 - 78, 29.03.2023
Öz
Dijital bir evren olarak tanımlanan Metaverse, avatarların politik, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerde bulunduğu üç boyutlu sanal bir dünyayı ifade etmektedir. Metaverse yaygın olarak hem gerçek hem de gerçek olmayanın bir arada bulunduğu günlük hayata dayalı sanal bir dünya anlamında kullanılmaktadır. Henüz çok yeni sayılabilecek bir aşamada olsa da birçok durumu etkileyebilecek potansiyele sahip olduğu öngörülmektedir. Bu açıdan çocuklar da Metaverse’nin etkilerinden doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkilenebileceklerdir. Çalışmada Metaverse, olanaklar ve riskler bağlamında incelenmiş, çocuk hakları bağlamında Metaverse’nin çocuklar üzerindeki doğrudan veya dolaylı etkisi olabilecek durumlar üzerinde değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Arttırılmış Gerçeklik Çocuk Hakları Genel Yorum No 25 Metaverse Sanal Gerçeklik.
Kaynakça
- Adjorlu, A., Høeg, E. R., Mangano, L., & Serafin, S. (2017, October). Daily living skills training in virtual reality to help children with autism spectrum disorder in a real shopping scenario. In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR-Adjunct) (pp. 294-302). IEEE.
- Akyüz, E. (2013). Çocuk hukuku. Pegem Akademi.
- Bakr, A. F., El Sayad, Z. T., & Thomas, S. M. S. (2018). Virtual reality as a tool for children’s participation in kindergarten design process. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57(4), 3851-3861.
- Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesi. (2021). Dijital Ortama İlişkin Çocuk Haklarına Dair Genel Yorum 25 (CRC/C/GC/25). https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC/C/GC/25 &Lang=en
- Bomba, M., Alibert, J. F., & Velt, J. (2021). Playing and virtual reality: Teleanalysis with children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 102(1), 159-177.
- Calandra, C., & Chiu, E. (2021). Into The Metaverse. Wunderman Thompson Intelligence. https://www.wundermanthompson.com/campaign/wundermanthompson-metaverse-experience
- Caygın, F., & Yavuz, C. (2020). Yapay zekâ ve çocuk haklarına kısa bir bakış. İstanbul Barosu Dergisi, 94(3), 218-229. British Broadcasting Corporation. (2022, February 23). Children able to enter virtual strip clubs in the metaverse. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-60491537 23 Şubat 2022.
- Çamlı, E. (2021). Dijital ortamda çocuk hakları ve genel yorum no 25. https://dijitalmedyavecocuk.bilgi.edu.tr/2021/03/22/dijital-ortamda-cocuk-haklari-ve genel-yorum-no-25.
- Çatalkaya, E. (2022, 19 Nisan). Tüketim kültürünün yeni mecrası metaverse çocuklara hazır mı? https://dijitalmedyavecocuk.bilgi.edu.tr/2022/04/19/metaverse-ve-cocuk/
- Denli, İ. (2022, 10 Mart). Minecraft'ta kendi yaptığı 'hükümet binasını' patlatma planı yapan 16 yaşındaki genç, hapis cezası aldı. https://www.webtekno.com/rus-genc-minecraft-hapis-cezasi-h120676.html.
- Enyedy, N., Danish, J. A., Delacruz, G., & Kumar, M. (2012). Learning physics through play in an augmented reality environment. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(3), 347-378.
- Eren, S. (2022, 25 Nisan). Dijital dünyada çocukları korumak mı çocuk haklarını korumak mı? https://dijitalmedyavecocuk.bilgi.edu.tr/2022/04/25/dijital-dunyada-cocuklari-korumak-mi-cocuk-haklarini-korumak-mi/.
- Hart, R.A. (2016). Çocukların katılımı (T. Kılınç, Çev.). Nobel.
- Hirsh-Pasek, K., Zosh, J., Hadani, H. S., Golinkoff, R. M., Clark, K., Donohue, C., & Wartella, E. (2022, Şubat). A whole new world: Education meets the metaverse. Policy Brief.
- Holloway-Attaway, L., & Vipsjö, L. (2020). Using augmented reality, gaming technologies, and transmedial storytelling to develop and co-design local cultural heritage experiences. F. Liarokapis, A. Voulodimos, N. Doulamis & A. Doulamis (Eds.). Visual Computing for Cultural Heritage. Springer, Cham. (pp. 177-204).
- Huang, X., Liu, C., Chun, L. I. U., Wei, Z., & Leung, X. Y. (2021). How children experience virtual reality travel: a psycho-physiological study based on flow theory. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,12(4), 777-790.
- Hwang, G. J., & Chien, S. Y. (2022). Definition, roles, and potential research issues of the metaverse in education: An artificial intelligence perspective. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100082.
- Segovia, K. Y., & Bailenson, J. N. (2009) Virtually true: Children's acquisition of false memories in virtual reality. Media Psychology, 12(4), 371-393.
- Kidron, B. (2021, 9 Şubat). Opinion: On Safer Internet Day, building a digital world young people deserve. Thomson Reuters Foundation News: https://news.trust.org/item/20210209124938-kf0ua/
- Kuş, O. (2021). Metaverse: ‘Dijital büyük patlamada’ fırsatlar ve endişelere yönelik algılar. Intermedia International E-journal, 8(15), 245-266.
- Livingstone, S. (2017, June 28). Digital media challenge children’s rights around the world: The case for a General Comment on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. LSE: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2017/06/28/digital-media-challenge-childrens-rights-around-the-world-the-case-for-a-general-comment-on-the-un convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child/
- Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2(1), 486-497.
- Özyurt, V. (2022, Mayıs). Metaverse’te suç işleme özgürlüğü yok! https://www.sabah.com.tr/pazar/2022/02/13/metaversete-suc-isleme-ozgurlugu-yok
- Park, S. M., & Kim, Y. G. (2022). A Metaverse: taxonomy, components, applications, and open challenges. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9667507.
- Phippen, A. (2022). Protecting children in the metaverse: it’s easy to blame big tech, but we all have a role to play. Parenting for a Digital Future. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/114781/1/parenting4digitalfuture_2022_03_23.pdf
- Rahmadiva, M., Arifin, A., Fatoni, M. H., Baki, S. H., & Watanabe, T. (2019, October). A design of multipurpose virtual reality game for children with autism spectrum disorder. In 2019 international biomedical instrumentation and technology conference (IBITeC) (Vol. 1, pp. 1-6). IEEE.
- Ramesh, U. V., Harini, A., Gowri, C. S. D., Durga, K. V., Druvitha, P., & Kumar, K. S. (2022). Metaverse: Future of the ınternet. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 3(2), 93-97.
- Schmitz, A., Joiner, R., & Golds, P. (2020). Is seeing believing? The effects of virtual reality on young children’s understanding of possibility and impossibility. Journal of Children and Media, 14(2), 158-172.
- Tobar-Muñoz, H., Baldiris, S., & Fabregat, R. (2017). Augmented reality game-based learning: Enriching students’ experience during reading comprehension activities. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 55(7), 901-936.
- Türk, G. D., & Darı, A. B. (2022). Metaverse’de bireyin toplumsallaşma süreci. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 277-297.
- UNICEF. (2018, Şubat). More than 175,000 children go online for the first timeevery day, tapping into great opportunities, but facing grave risks. UNICEF: https://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/more-175000-children-go-online-first-time-every-day-tap-ping-great-opportunities.
- Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Liu, D., Xing, R., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2022). A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy. https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02662
- Woodhead, M. (2010). A Handbook of children and young people’s participation B. P. Smith, & N. Thomas (Eds). Roudledge.
- Prieto, J. D. L. F., Lacasa, P., & Martínez-Borda, R. (2022). Approaching metaverses: Mixed reality interfaces in youth media platforms. New Techno Humanities. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2664329422000103.
Yıl 2023,
Sayı: 61, 65 - 78, 29.03.2023
Öz
Metaverse, defined as a digital universe, refers to a 3-D virtual world where avatars engage in political, economic, social, and cultural activities. People commonly use it as a virtual world based on everyday life, but where both the real and the unreal co-exist side by side. Even though it is still in its infancy, it is predicted that it has the potential to affect multiple situations. In that respect, children may be directly or indirectly affected by the Metaverse. In this study the Metaverse was examined in the context of opportunities and risks and situations where the Metaverse may have direct or indirect impacts on children were assessed in the context of children’s rights.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Augmented reality children’s rights general comment No 25 Metaverse virtual reality
Kaynakça
- Adjorlu, A., Høeg, E. R., Mangano, L., & Serafin, S. (2017, October). Daily living skills training in virtual reality to help children with autism spectrum disorder in a real shopping scenario. In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR-Adjunct) (pp. 294-302). IEEE.
- Akyüz, E. (2013). Çocuk hukuku. Pegem Akademi.
- Bakr, A. F., El Sayad, Z. T., & Thomas, S. M. S. (2018). Virtual reality as a tool for children’s participation in kindergarten design process. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57(4), 3851-3861.
- Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesi. (2021). Dijital Ortama İlişkin Çocuk Haklarına Dair Genel Yorum 25 (CRC/C/GC/25). https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC/C/GC/25 &Lang=en
- Bomba, M., Alibert, J. F., & Velt, J. (2021). Playing and virtual reality: Teleanalysis with children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 102(1), 159-177.
- Calandra, C., & Chiu, E. (2021). Into The Metaverse. Wunderman Thompson Intelligence. https://www.wundermanthompson.com/campaign/wundermanthompson-metaverse-experience
- Caygın, F., & Yavuz, C. (2020). Yapay zekâ ve çocuk haklarına kısa bir bakış. İstanbul Barosu Dergisi, 94(3), 218-229. British Broadcasting Corporation. (2022, February 23). Children able to enter virtual strip clubs in the metaverse. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-60491537 23 Şubat 2022.
- Çamlı, E. (2021). Dijital ortamda çocuk hakları ve genel yorum no 25. https://dijitalmedyavecocuk.bilgi.edu.tr/2021/03/22/dijital-ortamda-cocuk-haklari-ve genel-yorum-no-25.
- Çatalkaya, E. (2022, 19 Nisan). Tüketim kültürünün yeni mecrası metaverse çocuklara hazır mı? https://dijitalmedyavecocuk.bilgi.edu.tr/2022/04/19/metaverse-ve-cocuk/
- Denli, İ. (2022, 10 Mart). Minecraft'ta kendi yaptığı 'hükümet binasını' patlatma planı yapan 16 yaşındaki genç, hapis cezası aldı. https://www.webtekno.com/rus-genc-minecraft-hapis-cezasi-h120676.html.
- Enyedy, N., Danish, J. A., Delacruz, G., & Kumar, M. (2012). Learning physics through play in an augmented reality environment. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(3), 347-378.
- Eren, S. (2022, 25 Nisan). Dijital dünyada çocukları korumak mı çocuk haklarını korumak mı? https://dijitalmedyavecocuk.bilgi.edu.tr/2022/04/25/dijital-dunyada-cocuklari-korumak-mi-cocuk-haklarini-korumak-mi/.
- Hart, R.A. (2016). Çocukların katılımı (T. Kılınç, Çev.). Nobel.
- Hirsh-Pasek, K., Zosh, J., Hadani, H. S., Golinkoff, R. M., Clark, K., Donohue, C., & Wartella, E. (2022, Şubat). A whole new world: Education meets the metaverse. Policy Brief.
- Holloway-Attaway, L., & Vipsjö, L. (2020). Using augmented reality, gaming technologies, and transmedial storytelling to develop and co-design local cultural heritage experiences. F. Liarokapis, A. Voulodimos, N. Doulamis & A. Doulamis (Eds.). Visual Computing for Cultural Heritage. Springer, Cham. (pp. 177-204).
- Huang, X., Liu, C., Chun, L. I. U., Wei, Z., & Leung, X. Y. (2021). How children experience virtual reality travel: a psycho-physiological study based on flow theory. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,12(4), 777-790.
- Hwang, G. J., & Chien, S. Y. (2022). Definition, roles, and potential research issues of the metaverse in education: An artificial intelligence perspective. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100082.
- Segovia, K. Y., & Bailenson, J. N. (2009) Virtually true: Children's acquisition of false memories in virtual reality. Media Psychology, 12(4), 371-393.
- Kidron, B. (2021, 9 Şubat). Opinion: On Safer Internet Day, building a digital world young people deserve. Thomson Reuters Foundation News: https://news.trust.org/item/20210209124938-kf0ua/
- Kuş, O. (2021). Metaverse: ‘Dijital büyük patlamada’ fırsatlar ve endişelere yönelik algılar. Intermedia International E-journal, 8(15), 245-266.
- Livingstone, S. (2017, June 28). Digital media challenge children’s rights around the world: The case for a General Comment on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. LSE: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2017/06/28/digital-media-challenge-childrens-rights-around-the-world-the-case-for-a-general-comment-on-the-un convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child/
- Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2(1), 486-497.
- Özyurt, V. (2022, Mayıs). Metaverse’te suç işleme özgürlüğü yok! https://www.sabah.com.tr/pazar/2022/02/13/metaversete-suc-isleme-ozgurlugu-yok
- Park, S. M., & Kim, Y. G. (2022). A Metaverse: taxonomy, components, applications, and open challenges. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9667507.
- Phippen, A. (2022). Protecting children in the metaverse: it’s easy to blame big tech, but we all have a role to play. Parenting for a Digital Future. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/114781/1/parenting4digitalfuture_2022_03_23.pdf
- Rahmadiva, M., Arifin, A., Fatoni, M. H., Baki, S. H., & Watanabe, T. (2019, October). A design of multipurpose virtual reality game for children with autism spectrum disorder. In 2019 international biomedical instrumentation and technology conference (IBITeC) (Vol. 1, pp. 1-6). IEEE.
- Ramesh, U. V., Harini, A., Gowri, C. S. D., Durga, K. V., Druvitha, P., & Kumar, K. S. (2022). Metaverse: Future of the ınternet. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 3(2), 93-97.
- Schmitz, A., Joiner, R., & Golds, P. (2020). Is seeing believing? The effects of virtual reality on young children’s understanding of possibility and impossibility. Journal of Children and Media, 14(2), 158-172.
- Tobar-Muñoz, H., Baldiris, S., & Fabregat, R. (2017). Augmented reality game-based learning: Enriching students’ experience during reading comprehension activities. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 55(7), 901-936.
- Türk, G. D., & Darı, A. B. (2022). Metaverse’de bireyin toplumsallaşma süreci. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 277-297.
- UNICEF. (2018, Şubat). More than 175,000 children go online for the first timeevery day, tapping into great opportunities, but facing grave risks. UNICEF: https://www.unicef.org/eca/press-releases/more-175000-children-go-online-first-time-every-day-tap-ping-great-opportunities.
- Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Liu, D., Xing, R., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2022). A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy. https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02662
- Woodhead, M. (2010). A Handbook of children and young people’s participation B. P. Smith, & N. Thomas (Eds). Roudledge.
- Prieto, J. D. L. F., Lacasa, P., & Martínez-Borda, R. (2022). Approaching metaverses: Mixed reality interfaces in youth media platforms. New Techno Humanities. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2664329422000103.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 28 Mart 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Mart 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 20 Haziran 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Sayı: 61 |
- Makale Dosyaları