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TEKNOLOJİ ETİĞİ: TEKNOLOJİNİN KARANLIK YÜZÜ ÜZERİNE TARTIŞMALAR

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 77 - EK, 5 - 37, 29.10.2023

İnayet Aydın

https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1285141

Öz

Teknoloji etiği, evrensel etik değerler ve ilkeler çerçevesinde teknolojik ürünlerin geliştirilmesi, kullanılması ve toplum üzerindeki etkilerinin tartışılması ve değerlendirilmesini içerir. Bilim ve teknolojinin etiğin rehberliğinde gelişmesini sağlamak önümüzdeki günlerin en önemli konusu olmalıdır. Etik, teknolojik yenilikleri veya bilimsel araştırmaları frenleyen bir engel olarak değil, gelecekteki sorunlarla başa çıkmanın bir yolu olarak görülmeli ve sorumlulukla karşılanmalıdır. İnsanlar üzerinde yapılan tıbbi araştırmalar, yapay zekânın insan yaşamı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri, doğal kaynakların tükenmesi ve kirlilik, mahremiyet ihlalleri, eşitsizliklerin büyümesi, kişisel verilerin kötüye kullanımı, güvenlik-mahremiyet dengesi, GPS teknolojisi ve izleme, teknolojinin silahlaşması gibi etik sorunların çözümü çok önemlidir. Uzayın ortak kullanımı, uzaydan gözlem ve gözetleme faaliyetleri, enkaz ve atık kirliliği, ileri ve geri kirlilik gibi konular insanlığı önemli etik ikilemlerle yüz yüze getirmektedir. Teknoloji sayesinde daha iyi bir yaşam beklerken, sadece insanın üretebileceği değer ve anlamı kaybetmenin sakıncalarını aşmanın yolları bulunmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Teknoloji etiği Etik Teknoetik Uzay etiği Robot etiği

Kaynakça

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  • Arnould, Jacques. (2011). Icarus’ Second Chance. The Basis and Perspectives of Space Ethics, NewYork: Springer Wien.
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Technology Ethics: Debates on the Dark Side of Technology

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 77 - EK, 5 - 37, 29.10.2023

İnayet Aydın

https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1285141

Öz

Technology ethics within the framework of universal ethical values and principles It involves discussing and evaluating the development and use of technological products and their impact on society. Ensuring that science and technology develop under the guidance of ethics should be the most important issue of the coming days. Ethics should not be seen as an obstacle that puts a brake on technological innovation or scientific research, but as a way of dealing with future problems, and should be faced responsibly. The solutions to ethical problems such as medical research on human beings, the negative effects of artificial intelligence on human life, the depletion of natural resources and pollution, privacy violations, the growth of inequalities, the misuse of personal data, the security-privacy balance, GPS technology and tracking, and the weaponization of technology are very important. Issues such as the common use of space, observation and surveillance activities from space, debris and waste pollution, forward and backward pollution bring humanity face to face with important ethical dilemmas. While expecting a better life thanks to technology, ways must be found to overcome the drawbacks of losing the value and meaning that only human beings can produce.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Technology ethics ethics technoethics space ethics robot ethics

Kaynakça

  • Agar, Jon. (2020). “What is Technology?”, Annals of Science, 77-3, ss. 377-382.
  • Agazzi, Evandro. (2019). “Technological Development And Ethics”, Bioethics Update, 5, ss, 69-75.
  • Akarsu, Bedia. (1998). Felsefe Terimleri Sözlüğü, İstanbul: İnkılap Kitabevi.
  • Alkan, M. A. (2018). “Karanlık Fabrikalar ile İnsansız Üretim. Endüstri 4.0”, http://www.endustri40.com/karanlik-fabrikalar-ile-insansiz-uretim/. (20.06.2023)
  • Allen, Anita.L. (1995). Privacy in Health Care. W. T. Reich (Ed.). Encyclopedia of bioethics içinde (Vol: 4, pp. 2064-2073). New York: Simon&Schuster MacMillan.
  • Alterman, Anton. (2003). “A Piece Of Yourself", Ethical Issues in Biometric Identification, Ethics and Information Technology, 5-3, ss.139-150.
  • Anderson, Michael & Anderson Susan Leigh. (2011). Machine ethics, Cambridge University Press.
  • Arnould, Jacques. (2011). Icarus’ Second Chance. The Basis and Perspectives of Space Ethics, NewYork: Springer Wien.
  • Aydın, İnayet. (2022). Akademik Etik, 4. Baskı, Ankara: PEGEM A Yayıncılık.
  • Aydın, İnayet. (2017). “Çocukların Çevre Etiği Algısı”. Çocuk ve Çevresi. (Yayına Hazırlayan: Eylem Türk). Ankara Üniversitesi Çocuk Kültürü Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayınları: No: 26, ss. 264-285.
  • Bartels, Dianne M.& Truesdell-Smith, Elizabeth. (1993). “Reading Packet on New Frontiers in Genetic Testing and Screening: The Human Genome Project”, Center for Biomedical Ethics, University of Minnesota.
  • Bayet, Albert. (2000). Bilim Ahlakı, çev. Vedat Günyol, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Bekey, George.A. (2012). “Current trends in robotics: Technology and ethics. P. Lin, K. Abney, G. A. Bekey (Ed.), Robot ethics: The ethical and social implications of robotics. London: Massachutts Institutes of Technology.
  • Bellotti, Victoria. (1998). “Design for privacy in multimedia computing and communications environments”, Technology and privacy, The new landscape, ss. 63-98.
  • Bess, Michael D. (2015). Make Way For The Superhumans, London: Icon Books Ltd.
  • Bess, Michael D. (2023). Planet in Peril: Humanity’s Four Greatest Challenges and How We Can Overcome Them, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bossmann, Julia. (2016). “Top 9 ethical issues in artificial intelligence”. Vhttps://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/top-10-ethical-issues-in-artificial-intelligence/ (28.10 2022).
  • Bostrom, Nick. (2001). What is transhumanism? https://nickbostrom.com/old/transhumanism (11.12.2022).
  • Bostrom, Nick. (2005). “Transhumanist ethics”, Review of Contemporary Philosophy, 4, ss.3-14.
  • Braman, Sandra. (2006). Change of state: Information, policy, and power, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Britz, Johannes, Jacobus. (1996). “Technology as a Threat To Privacy: Ethical Challenges to the Information Profession”, Microcomputers for Information Management, 13, 3-4, ss.175-93.
  • Callicott, Baird.J. (1995). Environmental Ethics. Encyclopedia of Bioethics içinde (Cilt 2, ss. 676-686.) (Ed). Warren Thomas Reich, New York: Simon&Schuster MacMillan.
  • Carnegiecouncil. “Ethics washing”, https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/explore-engage/key-terms/ethics-washing. (13.02. 2023).
  • Caulfield,Timothy, Duijs, Wilma, Bos, Mike. Chassis, Iris. Codrean,Igor., Danovitch, Gabriel. Gill, John. Ivanovski, Ninoslav. Shin, Milbert. (2016). “Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal and the Ethical and Legal Obligations of Healthcare Providers”, Transplant Direct, Jan 4;2(2):ss. 60. doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000566. PMID: 27500253; PMCID: PMC4946496.
  • City Press (2018). “Empowering or increasing inequality? The ethical dilemma of digital disruption”, https://www.news24.com/citypress/business/empowering-or-increasing-inequality-the-ethical-dilemma- (10.03.2023).
  • CRIN: “Child Rights International Network. Briefing: Children’s rights in the digital age”, https://home.crin.org/issues/digital-rights/childrens-right-digital-age (22.03.2022). Çalık, Deniz & Çınar, Özge Pelin. “Geçmişten günümüze bilgi yaklaşımları bilgi toplumu ve İnternet”, XIV. Türkiye'de İnternet Konferansı, 12-13 Aralık 2009. Bilgi Üniversitesi, Dolapdere, İstanbul.
  • Çelen, Fatma Kübra. (2012). “Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanımında ilköğretim öğrencilerinin etik olmayan davranışlara ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi”, Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı.
  • Dhirani, Luxmi Dhirani; Mukhtiar, Noorain. Chowdhry, Bhawani Shankar & Newe, Thomas. (2023) “Ethical Dilemmas and Privacy Issues in Emerging Technologies”, A Review Sensors 2023, 23:3, s. 1151.
  • Diana, Frank. (2016).”Techno-Optimist or Techno-Pessimist?”, https://frankdiana.net/2016/10/10/techno-optimist-or-techno-pessimist/(15.02.2023)
  • Domingos, Pedro. (2017). Master Algoritma: Yapay Öğrenme Hayatımızı Nasıl Değiştirecek? çev. Tufan Göbekçin, İstanbul: Paloma Yayınevi.
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  • Fry, Hannah. (2019). Merhaba Dünya: Makine Çağında İnsan Olmak, çev. İpek Güneş Çıgay, İstanbul: Hep Kitap Yayınları.
  • Floridi, Luciano., & Cowls, Josh. (2019). “A unified framework of five principles for AI in society”, HDSR, 1:1. https://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.8cd550d1(15.03.2023).
  • Gavison Ruth. (1980). “Privacy and the limits of law”, The Yale Law Journal, 89:3, ss. 421–471. 10.2307/795891
  • Patrini, Giorgio. Ajder, Henry, Cavalli, Francesco & Cullen, Laurence. (2019). “The State of deepfakes”, Deeptrace, October 7, 2019. https://regmedia.co.uk/2019/10/08/deepfake_report.pdf (11.03.2023).
  • Hand, David J. (2018). “Aspects of data ethics in a changing world: Where are we now?”, Big Data, 6:3, 176–190.
  • Hanks, J. Craig & Hanks, Emily Kay. (2015). “From Technological Autonomy to Technological Bluff: Jacques Ellul and Our Technological Condition”, Human Affairs, 25: 4, ss. 460-470. https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2015-0037 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/dbrief/2017/10/20/lights-out-manufacturing-small-business/ (10.03.2022).
  • https://academic.oup.com/book/26610/chapter/195279835 (28.12.2022).
  • https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/01/chatgpt-ai-technology-techo-humanism-reid-hoffman/672872/ (15.08.2022).
  • https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/two-thirds-worlds-school-age-children-have-no-internet-access-home-new-unicef-itu (05.05.2022).
  • https://digitalprivacy.ieee.org/publications/topics/ethical-issues-related-to-data-privacy-and-security-why-we-must-balance-ethical-and-legal-requirements-in-the-connected-world (25.06.2023).
  • Iftıkhar, Nouman. (2020). “How AI is helping a common person’s life”, https://thinkml.ai/artificial-intelligence-is-helping-common-people/ (02.08.2022).
  • Invisibly. (2021). “7 Examples of Data Misuse in the Modern World”,https://www.invisibly.com/learn-blog/data-misuse-7-examples/ (20.02.2023).
  • İktisat Sözlüğü. https:/egfoundww.iktisatsozlugu.com/tr/nedir/luddizm/3280 (12.09. 2022).
  • Jaiman, Ashish. (2020). “Debating the ethics of deepfakes”, Digital Frontier, Aaugust 27, 2020.
  • https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/debating-the-ethics-of-deepfakes/(12.09. 2022).
  • Jonas, Hans (1982). “Technology as a Subject for Ethics”, Social Research, An International Quarterly 49, ss. 891.
  • Joshi, Naveen. (2022). “Is It Ethical To Use Robots In War? What Are The Risks Associated With It?”, https://www.forbes.com/sites/naveenjoshi/2022/07/25/is-it-ethical-to-use-robots-in-war-what-are-the-risks-associated-with-it/?sh=2bf0e0882d33 (17.12.2023).
  • Kaczynski, Theodore John. (1996). Sanayi Toplumu ve Geleceği, İstanbul: Kaos Yayınları.
  • Karaman, Faruk. (2021). “Ethical Issues in Transhumanism. Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement”, IGI Global's InfoSci® platform. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch007
  • Kınıkoğlu, B, Hamzaoğlu, Y., Hamzaoğlu, M. (2021). “Otonom Araçların Neden Olduğu Kazalardaki Hukuki Sorumluluk Rejimi”, Adalet Dergisi, 1/ 66, ss. 333-377.
  • Kolbert, Elizabeth. (2016). Altıncı Yok Oluş, çev. Nalan Tümay, İstanbul: Okuyan Us Yayınları.
  • Kuçuradi, Ionna. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQ7soJHTZ9g (10.02.2023).
  • Winner, Langdon. (1977). Autonomous Technology: Technics-out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought, The MIT Press.
  • Leonhard, Gerd. (2018). Teknolojiye Karşı İnsanlık: İnsan ile Makinenin Yaklaşan Çatışması, çev. Cihan Akkartal-İlker Akkartal, İstanbul: Siyah Kitap.
  • Lin, Patrick. (2012). Introduction to robot ethics, P. Lin, K. Abney, G. A. Bekey (Ed). Robot ethics: The ethical and social implications of robotics, London: Massachutts Institutes of Technology.
  • Marcuse, Herbert. (1941). "Some Social Implications of Modern Technology", In Arato, Andrew; Eike, Gebhardt (eds.). The Essential Frankfurt School Reader, New York: The Continuum Publishing Company. 1982, pp. 138-162. ISBN 0-8264-0194-5.
  • Maric, Josip. Rodhain, Florence & Barlette, Yves. (2017). “3D Printing Trends - Discussing Societal, Environmental and Ethical Implications”, Management des technologies organisationnelles, 6, 127-138. https://www.cairn.info/revue--2017-1-page-127.htm.
  • Martin, James. (2017). The Meaning of The 21st Century: A Vital Blueprint For Ensuring Our Future, Random House Books.
  • Mumford, Lewis (1934). Technics and Civilization, New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company, Inc.
  • Misra, Sreetama. (2022). “Revitalizing Human Values in an Age of Technology”, Philosophies, 7, 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7060136
  • Murray, TH. (1991).” Ethical issues in human genome research”, FASEB J. 1991 5,1, ss. 55-60. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.5.1.1825074. PMID: 1825074.
  • Moor, James H. (1985). “What is computer ethics?”, Metaphilosophy, 16,4, ss. 266–275.
  • North‑Samardzic, Andrea. (2020). “Biometric Technology and Ethics: Beyond Security Applications”, Journal of Business Ethics, 167, ss. 433–450.
  • Parasidis, Efthimios. (2015). “Emerging Military Technologies: Balancing Medical Ethics and National Security”. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. 47:167-183.
  • Pasanen, Jaakko. (2022). “AI Ethics Are a Concern. Learn How You Can Stay Ethical”, https://learn.g2.com/ai-ethics”. (01.04.2023).
  • Porter, Kim. Phipps, Jarrod. Szepkousk , Adam & Abidi, Sam. (2015) “3D opportunity serves it up Additive manufacturing and food”. Deloitte. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/3d-printing-in-the-food-industry/DUP_1147-3D-opportunity-food_MASTER1.pdf (23.06.2023).
  • Purdy, D. K. (1995). “Environmental Ethics”. International Encyclopedia of Ethics içinde (pp 267-270). John K. Roth (Ed.) London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
  • Ringdahl, Chad. (1999). The Human Genome Project. https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc431/students99/ringdahl.htm. (23.06.2023).
  • Roux, Marc. (2020). “Demystifying transhumanism and the promise of amortality”. Corps & Psychisme, 76, 87-101. https://www.cairn-int.info/journal--2020-1-page-87.htm. (24.06.2023).
  • Salmi, Mica. (2021). “Additive Manufacturing Processes in Medical Applications”, Materials (Basel).14:1, s. 191. doi: 10.3390/ma14010191.
  • Sandler, Ronald L, (2014). Introduction: Technology and ethics, Boston: Palgrave McMillan.
  • Satyanarayana, Y. V. (2010). Ethics: Theory and Practices, Delhi: Pearson.
  • Schweder, Jeanne. (2017). "Turning Out the Lights on the Factory Floor." Automation World, February, 22. Slim Hugo. (2019). The Power of Humanity: On Being Human Now and in the Future. https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2019/07/30/power-of-humanity-being-human-now-future/ (10.11.2022)
  • Stair, Ralph M. Reynolds, George. (2010). Principles of Information Systems. A Managerial Approach, Boston: Course Technology, Cengage Learning.
  • Stahl, Bernd Carsten. (2021). “Ethical Issues of AI. In book: Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future, An Ecosystem Perspective on the Ethics of AI and Emerging Digital Technologies”, March 2021 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69978-9_4
  • Tepe, Harun. (2008). Değer ve Anlam: Değerler Anlamlar Mıdır?, ODTÜ Felsefe Bölümü “Anlam” Kongresi 17-19 Aralık. Ankara.
  • Thinktech STM Teknolojik Düşünce Merkezi. “Fabrikaların Geleceği “Karanlık”. https://thinktech.stm.com.tr/uploads/docs/1608897779_stm-blog-fabrikalarin-gelecegi-karanlik.pdf. (20.02.2023).
  • Thiroux, Jacques P., Krasemann, Keith W. (2014). Ethics: Theory and Practices, Edinburg: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Tomorrow. Bio (2022). https://www.tomorrow.bio/post/what-transhumanism-defined. (02.08. 2022).
  • Topakkaya, Eyibaş, A. Y. (2019). “Yapay Zekâ ve Etik İlişkisi”, Felsefe Dünyası, 70, ss. 81-99.
  • Tran, Jasper L. (2016). “3D-Printed Food”, Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology, 17:2, ss.855–881.
  • Turkle, Sherry. (2003). “Technology and human vulnerability. A conversation with MIT's Sherry Turkle”, Harvard Business Review, 81:9,ss. 43-50.
  • Türkcan, Ergun. (2009). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de bilim, teknoloji ve politika, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Ogoh, George Inyila. (2020). “The Ethical Issues of Additive Manufacturing”, De Montfort University. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/20571/PhD_Thesis_George_Ogoh_October_2020_Final.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. (22.06.2023).
  • UNICEF. (2020). Two thirds of the world’s school-age children have no internet access at home, new UNICEF-ITU report says, (22.03.2023).
  • Walker, Andy. Walker, Kay &Carruthers, Sean. (2019). Süper İnsan, Çev. Su Evren, İstanbul: Siyah Kitap.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). (2023). The Future of Jobs Report 2023. https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-future-of-jobs-report-2023/digest?_gl=1*17xv3d7*_up*MQ..&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIt86d1bbc_wIVxLfVCh1phgjtEAAYASAAEgI5W_D_BwE (22.06.2023).
  • Zwitter, Andrej. (2014). “Big data ethics”, Big Data & Society, July–December 2014: ss.1–6 DOI: 10.1177/205395.
Toplam 93 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sistematik Felsefe (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İnayet Aydın 0000-0002-7522-8961

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 77 - EK

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, İ. (2023). TEKNOLOJİ ETİĞİ: TEKNOLOJİNİN KARANLIK YÜZÜ ÜZERİNE TARTIŞMALAR. Felsefe Dünyası(77 - EK), 5-37. https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1285141
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Felsefe Dünyası Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.