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Spiritually-Oriented Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 87 - 111, 15.02.2020

Abstract

A great many factors influence human life. Among these are individuals’ religious and spiritual orientations, whose importance cannot be understated as they not only affect how individuals perceive and interpret themselves, events in their everyday lives, and the greater world but also shape their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Consequently, religious and spiritual orientations constitute an integral part of clients’ lives and are an important element that needs to be thoroughly investigated. In addition to having been integrated into individual psychological counseling approaches, religious/spiritual orientation has become as a highly supportive element in family therapy. Spiritually-oriented applications are quite helpful when addressing problems dealt with by individuals and families. In the current study, spiritually-oriented cognitive-behavioral family therapy is addressed in light of the relevant literature. We first present a general overview of cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral family therapy, after which we frame the assessment steps followed in spiritually-oriented cognitive-behavioral family therapy within a paradigm based on religion and spirituality. After that, we reveal the religious/spiritual-based cognitive-behavioral applications that may be used during family therapy. We then discuss several exercises and applications employed during spiritually-oriented cognitive-behavioral family therapy. Finally, this study seeks to fill in gaps in the relevant literature on this topic in Turkey and offer a novel perspective to practitioners and researchers.

References

  • Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (1992). Cognitive therapy and psychotherapy integration. In D. K. Freedheim (Ed.), History of psychotherapy; A century of change (pp. 657-694). Washington: American Psychological Association. Aten, J. D., McMinn, M. R. & Worthington, E. L. (2011). Spiritually oriented interventions for counseling and psychotherapy. Washington: American Psychological Association. Barrera, T. L., Zeno, D., Bush, A. L., Barber, C. R., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). Integrating religion and spirituality into treatment for late-life anxiety: Three case studies. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(2), 346-358. Beck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: The Guilford Press. Beck, A. T. (1979). Cognitive therapy and emotional disorders. New York: Penguin Group. Beck, A. T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy A 40-year retrospective. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62, 953-959. Beck, A. T., & Weishaar, M. E. (2008). Cognitive therapy. In R. J. Corsini, D. Wedding (Eds.), Current psychotherapies (pp. 263-294). Belmont: Brooks. Bennett, S. T., Flett, R. A., & Babbage, D. R. (2014). Culturally adapted cognitive behaviour therapy for Maori with major depression. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 7, 1–16. Benson, H., & Klipper, M. (2000). The relaxtion response. New York: Avon. Blenkiron, P. (2005). Stories and analogies in cognitive behaviour therapy: A clinical review. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33(1), 45–59. Buju, S. (2019). Clinical approach of spiritual illnesses: Eastern Christian spirituality and cognitive behavioral therapy. Pastoral Psychology, 68, 361-378. Carlson, K. M., & González-Prendes, A. A. (2016). Cognitive behavioral therapy with religious and spiritual clients: A critical perspective. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 18(4), 253-282. Carlson, J., Sperry, L., & Lewis, J. A. (2005). Family therapy techniques. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Corey, G. (2015). Psikolojik danışma, psikoterapi kuram ve uygulamaları. (T. Ergene, Çev.). Ankara: Mentis Yayıncılık. Dattilio, F. M. (1998). Case studies in couple and family therapy: Systemic and cognitive perspectives. New York: Guilford Press. Dattilio, F. M. (2005). The restructing of family schemas: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31(1), 15-30. Dattilio, F. M. (2018). Bilişsel davranışçı çift ve aile terapisi klinisyenler için bir rehber (T. Özakkaş, Çev.). İstanbul: Psikoterapi Enstitüsü Eğitim Yayınları. DeRubeis, J. R., & Beck, A.T. (1988). Cognitive therapy. In K. S. Dobson (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapies (pp. 273-306). New York: Guilford Press. DiBlasio, F. A. (1998). The use of a decision‐based forgiveness intervention within intergenerational family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 20(1), 77-96. Digiuseppe, R. A., Doyle, K. A., Dryden, W., & Backx, W. (2013). A practitioner’s guide to rational emotive behavior therapy. New York: Oxford University Press. Dryden W., & Neenan, M. (2006). Rational emotive behaviour therapy 100 key points & techniques. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. D'Souza, R. F., & Rodrigo, A. (2004). Spiritually augmented cognitive behavioural therapy. Australasian Psychiatry, 12(2), 148-152. Ellis, A. (1978). Family therapy: A phenomenological and active-directive approach. Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, 4, 43-50. Ellis, A. (2001). Overcoming destructive beliefs, feelings, and behaviors new directions for rational emotive behavior therapy. Canada: Prometheus Books. Ellis, S. (2007). A rational emotive behavior therapy integrated approach overcoming resistance. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Ellis A., & Dryden, W. (1997). The practice of rational emotive behavior therapy. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Ellis, A., Sichel, J. L., Yeager, R. J., DiMattia, D. J., & DiGiuseppe, R. (1989). Rational-emotive couples therapy. New York: Pergamon Press. Epstein, N. B., & Baucom, D. H. (2002). Enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for couples: A contextual approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Epstein, N., & Schlesinger, S. E. (1996). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of family problems. In M. Reinecke, F. M. Dattilio, & A. Freeman (Eds.), Casebook of cognitive-behavior therapy with children and adolescents. New York: Guilford Press. Gale, J. (2009). Meditation and relational connectedness: Practices for couples and families. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Spiritual resources in family therapy (pp. 247-266). New York: The Guilford Press. Gambrel, L. E., & Keeling, M. L. (2010). Relational aspects of mindfulness: Implications for the practice of marriage and family therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 32(4), 412-426. Gladding, S. T. (2017). Aile terapisi tarihi, kuram ve uygulamaları. (İ. Keklik ve İ. Yıldırım, Çev.). Ankara: Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği Yayınları. Goldenberg, H., & Goldenberg, I. (2008). Family therapy: An overview. USA: Thamson. Good, J. J. (2010). Integration of spirituality and cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depression (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia. Gordon, K. C., Hughes, F. M., Tomcik, N. D., Dixon, L. J., & Litzinger, S. C. (2009). Widening spheres of impact: The role of forgiveness in marital and family functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(1), 1. Hamdan, A. (2008). Cognitive restructuring: An islamic perspective. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 3(1), 99-116. Harrison, L. J., Manocha, R., & Rubia, K. (2004). Sahaja yoga meditation as a family treatment programme for children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 9(4), 479-497. Hawkins, R. S., Tan, S. Y., & Turk, A. A. (1999). Secular versus Christian inpatient cognitive-behavioral therapy programs: Impact on depression and spiritual well-being. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 27(4), 309-318. Hays, P. A. (2016). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Hodge, D. R. (2006). Spiritually modified cognitive therapy: A review of the literature. Social Work, 51(2), 157-166. Hodge, D. R., & Lietz, C. A. (2014). Using spiritually modified cognitive–behavioral therapy in substance dependence treatment: Therapists’ and clients’ perceptions of the presumed benefits and limitations. Health & Social Work, 39(4), 200-210. Hodge, D. R., & Nadir, A. (2008). Moving toward culturally competent practice with Muslims: Modifying cognitive therapy with Islamic tenets. Social Work, 53(1), 31-41. Hofmann, S. G. (2013). The wiley handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy. London: Wiley-Blackwell. Kausar, E., & Bhutto, Z. H. (2018). Treatment of depression in cardiac patients through integration of spirituality and cognitive behavior therapy. 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Manevi Yönelimli Bilişsel Davranışçı Aile Terapisi

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 87 - 111, 15.02.2020

Abstract

İnsan yaşamında birçok faktör etkili olmakla birlikte dini ve manevi yönelim; bireylerin kendilerini, çevresindeki olayları ve dünyayı nasıl algıladığını ve anlamlandırdığını etkilemekte ayrıca bireylerin düşüncelerini, duygularını ve davranışlarını şekillendirmektedir. Bu doğrultuda dini ve manevi yönelimin danışanların önemli bir parçasını oluşturduğu, terapi sürecinde de üzerinde durulması gereken önemli bir bileşen olduğu düşünülmektedir. Dini ve manevi yönelim bireysel psikolojik danışma yaklaşımlarına entegre edilmekle birlikte, aile terapileri sürecinde de oldukça destekleyici bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Aile bireylerinde ve aile sisteminde yer alan problemleri ele alırken manevi yönelimli uygulamalar oldukça işlevsel görünmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmada manevi yönelimli bilişsel davranışçı aile terapisinin ilgili literatür çerçevesinde ele alınması amaçlanmaktadır. Öncelikle BDT ve bilişsel davranışçı aile terapisine genel bir bakış sunulmakta, ardından manevi yönelimli bilişsel davranışçı aile terapisi sürecinde değerlendirme aşamaları, terapinin din ve maneviyatla çerçevelendirilmesi, aile terapisi sürecinde kullanılabilecek dini-manevi temelli bilişsel davranışçı uygulamalar açıklanmakta ve son olarak manevi temelli bilişsel davranışçı aile terapisiyle ilgili gerçekleştirilen uygulamalara yer verilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın özellikle ülkemizde eksik kalan noktaları dolduracağı, alandaki uygulayıcılara ve araştırmalara farklı bir perspektif sağlayacağı ve katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (1992). Cognitive therapy and psychotherapy integration. In D. K. Freedheim (Ed.), History of psychotherapy; A century of change (pp. 657-694). Washington: American Psychological Association. Aten, J. D., McMinn, M. R. & Worthington, E. L. (2011). Spiritually oriented interventions for counseling and psychotherapy. Washington: American Psychological Association. Barrera, T. L., Zeno, D., Bush, A. L., Barber, C. R., & Stanley, M. A. (2012). Integrating religion and spirituality into treatment for late-life anxiety: Three case studies. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(2), 346-358. Beck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: The Guilford Press. Beck, A. T. (1979). Cognitive therapy and emotional disorders. New York: Penguin Group. Beck, A. T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy A 40-year retrospective. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62, 953-959. Beck, A. T., & Weishaar, M. E. (2008). Cognitive therapy. In R. J. Corsini, D. Wedding (Eds.), Current psychotherapies (pp. 263-294). Belmont: Brooks. Bennett, S. T., Flett, R. A., & Babbage, D. R. (2014). Culturally adapted cognitive behaviour therapy for Maori with major depression. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 7, 1–16. Benson, H., & Klipper, M. (2000). The relaxtion response. New York: Avon. Blenkiron, P. (2005). Stories and analogies in cognitive behaviour therapy: A clinical review. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33(1), 45–59. Buju, S. (2019). Clinical approach of spiritual illnesses: Eastern Christian spirituality and cognitive behavioral therapy. Pastoral Psychology, 68, 361-378. Carlson, K. M., & González-Prendes, A. A. (2016). Cognitive behavioral therapy with religious and spiritual clients: A critical perspective. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 18(4), 253-282. Carlson, J., Sperry, L., & Lewis, J. A. (2005). Family therapy techniques. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Corey, G. (2015). Psikolojik danışma, psikoterapi kuram ve uygulamaları. (T. Ergene, Çev.). Ankara: Mentis Yayıncılık. Dattilio, F. M. (1998). Case studies in couple and family therapy: Systemic and cognitive perspectives. New York: Guilford Press. Dattilio, F. M. (2005). The restructing of family schemas: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31(1), 15-30. Dattilio, F. M. (2018). Bilişsel davranışçı çift ve aile terapisi klinisyenler için bir rehber (T. Özakkaş, Çev.). İstanbul: Psikoterapi Enstitüsü Eğitim Yayınları. DeRubeis, J. R., & Beck, A.T. (1988). Cognitive therapy. In K. S. Dobson (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapies (pp. 273-306). New York: Guilford Press. DiBlasio, F. A. (1998). The use of a decision‐based forgiveness intervention within intergenerational family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 20(1), 77-96. Digiuseppe, R. A., Doyle, K. A., Dryden, W., & Backx, W. (2013). A practitioner’s guide to rational emotive behavior therapy. New York: Oxford University Press. Dryden W., & Neenan, M. (2006). Rational emotive behaviour therapy 100 key points & techniques. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. D'Souza, R. F., & Rodrigo, A. (2004). Spiritually augmented cognitive behavioural therapy. Australasian Psychiatry, 12(2), 148-152. Ellis, A. (1978). Family therapy: A phenomenological and active-directive approach. Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, 4, 43-50. Ellis, A. (2001). Overcoming destructive beliefs, feelings, and behaviors new directions for rational emotive behavior therapy. Canada: Prometheus Books. Ellis, S. (2007). A rational emotive behavior therapy integrated approach overcoming resistance. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Ellis A., & Dryden, W. (1997). The practice of rational emotive behavior therapy. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Ellis, A., Sichel, J. L., Yeager, R. J., DiMattia, D. J., & DiGiuseppe, R. (1989). Rational-emotive couples therapy. New York: Pergamon Press. Epstein, N. B., & Baucom, D. H. (2002). Enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy for couples: A contextual approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Epstein, N., & Schlesinger, S. E. (1996). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of family problems. In M. Reinecke, F. M. Dattilio, & A. Freeman (Eds.), Casebook of cognitive-behavior therapy with children and adolescents. New York: Guilford Press. Gale, J. (2009). Meditation and relational connectedness: Practices for couples and families. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Spiritual resources in family therapy (pp. 247-266). New York: The Guilford Press. Gambrel, L. E., & Keeling, M. L. (2010). Relational aspects of mindfulness: Implications for the practice of marriage and family therapy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 32(4), 412-426. Gladding, S. T. (2017). Aile terapisi tarihi, kuram ve uygulamaları. (İ. Keklik ve İ. Yıldırım, Çev.). Ankara: Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği Yayınları. Goldenberg, H., & Goldenberg, I. (2008). Family therapy: An overview. USA: Thamson. Good, J. J. (2010). Integration of spirituality and cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depression (Unpublished Doctoral dissertation). Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia. Gordon, K. C., Hughes, F. M., Tomcik, N. D., Dixon, L. J., & Litzinger, S. C. (2009). Widening spheres of impact: The role of forgiveness in marital and family functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(1), 1. Hamdan, A. (2008). Cognitive restructuring: An islamic perspective. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 3(1), 99-116. Harrison, L. J., Manocha, R., & Rubia, K. (2004). Sahaja yoga meditation as a family treatment programme for children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 9(4), 479-497. Hawkins, R. S., Tan, S. Y., & Turk, A. A. (1999). Secular versus Christian inpatient cognitive-behavioral therapy programs: Impact on depression and spiritual well-being. 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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tuğba Turgut This is me 0000-0003-3732-9005

Füsun Ekşi 0000-0001-5741-2725

Publication Date February 15, 2020
Submission Date November 26, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Turgut, T., & Ekşi, F. (2020). Spiritually-Oriented Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 5(1), 87-111.