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Ihsan Hilmi Alantar and Child Welfare in Early Republican Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: Special Issue 2 - Education and Psychology Research in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic, 724 - 737, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1373079

Abstract

The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed an unprecedented global spread of the desire for healthy and large populations in modern nation-states. This desire was associated with the principle of patriotism and integrated into health policies. An obsession with increasing the vitality of the social and political body was influential in shaping these health policies. Simultaneously, this period also witnessed the dissemination and adoption of scientific concepts and discourses such as child welfare, eugenics, child culture and hygiene. In the young Republic of Türkiye, founded after a devastating ten-year war and grappling with concerns about population growth, these discourses were swiftly embraced and became part of the ''scientific'' literature. These discourses were advocated mainly by a cadre of elitist Republicans who aimed to position Türkiye among modern nations. Among these elites was İhsan Hilmi Alantar, who opened Türkiye's first children's clinic. This article delves into Alantar's views, endeavours, and actions in the realm of child welfare, set against the backdrop of the historical milieu of the era.

References

  • Alantar, I. H. (1935, Nisan [April] 27). Çocukları koruma işi [Protect the children]. Ulus Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1939a). Pediyatri köşesinden öjenik [Eugenics in the context of pediatrics]. Kader Matbaası [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1939b). Türk çocuklarında antropometrik ölçüler [Anthropometric measurements in Turkish children]. Ekspres Basımevi [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941a, Aralık [December] 25). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuk ve ev halkı [Health of our children: Children and household]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941b, Aralık [December] 4). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Bit, çocuğun yalnız sıhhatini değil ahlakını da tehdit eder [Health of our children: Pediculus threaten not only the health but also the morality of the child]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941c, Ekim [October] 2). Mühim bir eksiğimiz: Okullarda ana-baba geceleri yapmalıyız [Our important mistake: We should have parents' nights in schools]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941d, Eylül [September] 11). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Süt çocuğu nasıl giydirilmeli [Health of our children: How to dress infants]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941e, Eylül [September] 4). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuk hasta mı? [Health of our children: Is the child scik?]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941f, Haziran [June] 12). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuklarda görülen hastalıklar [Health of our children: Diseases seen in children]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941g, Temmuz [July] 30]. Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuk ağlıyor [Health of our children: Baby is crying]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942a). Çocuk büyütme yolu: Köylü analara armağan [The Path to Proper Child Rearing: A Gift to Rural Mothers]. Kader Basımevi [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942b, Aralık [December] 10). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuklarımızı çiçek hastalığından korumak için ne yapmalıyız [Health of our children: What should we do to protect our children from smallpox?]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942c, Mart [March] 26). Millî Şef’in demeci ve yavrularımız [Statement of the National Chief and our children]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942d, Mayıs [May] 7). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuğu iyi besleyerek hastalıktan koruyalım [Health of our children: Let's protect the child from disease by feeding him well). Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942e, Temmuz [July] 23). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuklarımızı korumaya nereden başlamalı? [Health of our children: Where to start protecting our children?]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1944a, Nisan-Haziran [April-June]). Büyümesi geri kalmış çocuklar [Children with delayed growth]. Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası [Journal of Faculty of Medicine], 7(2), 3485-3489.
  • Alantar, I. H. (1944b). Sağlam okul gençliği [Healthy School Youth]. Maarif Matbaası [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1949a). 24-29 Ocak 1949’da Cenevre’de toplanan Birleşmiş Milletler Sağlık Organizasyonu’na bağlı anne ve çocuk sağlığı eksper komitesine verilen rapor [Report given to the maternal and child health expert committee of the United Nations Health Organization, which met in Geneva on 24-29 January 1949]. Ismail Akgün Matbaası [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1949b). Püerikültür: Kişisel ve sosyal çocuk sağlık bilgisi [Puericulture: Individual and social child hygiene]. Kenan Matbaası [Press].
  • Arpacı, M. (2015). Modernleşen Türkiye’de beden ve nüfus politikaları: Hıfzıssıhha, terbiye, öjeni [The population and body politics in modernizing Türkiye: Public health, discipline, eugenics] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Mimar Sinan University.
  • Balsoy, G. (2013). The Politics of Reproduction in Ottoman Society, 1838–1900. Pickering & Chatto.
  • Carlson, E. T. (1985). Medicine and degeneration: Theory and praxis. In J. E. Chamberlin & S. L. Gilman (Eds.), Degeneration the dark side of progress (pp.121-144). Columbia University Press.
  • Dursun, S. (2011). Procreation, family and "progress": Administrative and economic aspects of Ottoman population policies in the 19th century. The History of the Family, 16, 160–171.
  • Engs, R. C. (2005). The eugenics movement: An encyclopedia. Greenwood Press.
  • Galton, F. (1904). Eugenics: Its definition, scope, and aims. American Journal of Sociology, 10(1).
  • Gottschalk, L. (1969). Understanding history: A primer of historical method. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Hendrick, H. (2008). Child welfare: Historical dimensions, contemporary debate. The Policy Press.
  • Hexter, J. H. (1971). The history primer. Basic Books.
  • Krieken, R. (1986). Social theory and child welfare: Beyond social control. Theory and Society, 15(3), 401–429.
  • Kühl, S. (2013). For the betterment of the race. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Laughlin, H. H. (1922). Eugenical sterilization in the United States. Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago.
  • Lepicard, E. (2000). Auschwitz from a Nuremberg perspective: ethical implications for medicine. In J. Bemporad, J. T. Pawlikowski & J. Sievers (Eds.), Good and evil after Auschwitz: ethical implications for today Hoboken (pp. 139-152). KTAV Pub. House.
  • Levine, R. (2017). Eugenics: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
  • Libal, K. (2000). The Children's Protection Society: Nationalizing child welfare in early Republican Turkey. New Perspectives on Turkey, 23, 53–78.
  • Libal, K. (2016). Child poverty and emerging children's rights discourse in Early Republican Turkey. In B. C. Fortna (Ed.), Childhood in the late Ottoman Empire after (pp. 48–72). London: Brill.
  • Mallick, K. & Verma, G. (2005). Researching education: Perspectives and techniques. Taylor and Francis.
  • Muratovski, G. (2022). Research for designers: A guide to methods and practice. Sage.
  • Obladen, M. (2016). Despising the weak: Long shadows of infant murder in Nazi Germany. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 101(3), 190-194.
  • Platt, A. (1977). The Child Savers. University of Chicago Press.
  • Prestwich, P. E. (1997). Drinkers, drunkards, and degenerates: The alcoholic population of a Parisian asylum, 1867-1914. In J. S. Blocker & C. K. Warsh (Eds.), The changing face of drink: substance, imagery, and behaviour (pp. 115-131). Publications Histoire Sociale.
  • Rado, Ş. (1948, Nisan [April] 25). Çocuk Hastanesi’nde 25 sene: Prof. Dr. Ihsan Hilmi Alantarla kısa bir konuşma [25 years at Children's Hospital: Prof. Dr. A short conversation with İhsan Hilmi Alantar]. Akşam Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Soysal, Ş. S. (1960). Sayın hocamız Ord. Prof. Ihsan Hilmi Alantar [Our esteemed mentor, Ord. Prof. Ihsan Hilmi Alantar]. Istanbul Universitesi Tıp Fakultesi Mecmuası [Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine], 22(4), 1139-1141.
  • Tümay, S. B. (1962). Ord. Prof. Ihsan Hilmi Alantar. Istanbul Universitesi Tıp Fakultesi Mecmuası [Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine], 25(1), 116-118.
  • Tunc, Y. (2019). Puériculture education and the contours of the Republican child question and the politics of sexuality. In T. A. Popkewitz, J. Diaz, C. Kirchgasler (Eds.), A political sociology of educational knowledge studies of exclusions and difference (pp.38-53). Routledge.
Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: Special Issue 2 - Education and Psychology Research in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic, 724 - 737, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1373079

Abstract

References

  • Alantar, I. H. (1935, Nisan [April] 27). Çocukları koruma işi [Protect the children]. Ulus Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1939a). Pediyatri köşesinden öjenik [Eugenics in the context of pediatrics]. Kader Matbaası [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1939b). Türk çocuklarında antropometrik ölçüler [Anthropometric measurements in Turkish children]. Ekspres Basımevi [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941a, Aralık [December] 25). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuk ve ev halkı [Health of our children: Children and household]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941b, Aralık [December] 4). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Bit, çocuğun yalnız sıhhatini değil ahlakını da tehdit eder [Health of our children: Pediculus threaten not only the health but also the morality of the child]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941c, Ekim [October] 2). Mühim bir eksiğimiz: Okullarda ana-baba geceleri yapmalıyız [Our important mistake: We should have parents' nights in schools]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941d, Eylül [September] 11). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Süt çocuğu nasıl giydirilmeli [Health of our children: How to dress infants]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941e, Eylül [September] 4). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuk hasta mı? [Health of our children: Is the child scik?]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941f, Haziran [June] 12). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuklarda görülen hastalıklar [Health of our children: Diseases seen in children]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1941g, Temmuz [July] 30]. Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuk ağlıyor [Health of our children: Baby is crying]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942a). Çocuk büyütme yolu: Köylü analara armağan [The Path to Proper Child Rearing: A Gift to Rural Mothers]. Kader Basımevi [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942b, Aralık [December] 10). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuklarımızı çiçek hastalığından korumak için ne yapmalıyız [Health of our children: What should we do to protect our children from smallpox?]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942c, Mart [March] 26). Millî Şef’in demeci ve yavrularımız [Statement of the National Chief and our children]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942d, Mayıs [May] 7). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuğu iyi besleyerek hastalıktan koruyalım [Health of our children: Let's protect the child from disease by feeding him well). Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1942e, Temmuz [July] 23). Çocuklarımızın sıhhati: Çocuklarımızı korumaya nereden başlamalı? [Health of our children: Where to start protecting our children?]. Son Posta Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1944a, Nisan-Haziran [April-June]). Büyümesi geri kalmış çocuklar [Children with delayed growth]. Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası [Journal of Faculty of Medicine], 7(2), 3485-3489.
  • Alantar, I. H. (1944b). Sağlam okul gençliği [Healthy School Youth]. Maarif Matbaası [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1949a). 24-29 Ocak 1949’da Cenevre’de toplanan Birleşmiş Milletler Sağlık Organizasyonu’na bağlı anne ve çocuk sağlığı eksper komitesine verilen rapor [Report given to the maternal and child health expert committee of the United Nations Health Organization, which met in Geneva on 24-29 January 1949]. Ismail Akgün Matbaası [Press].
  • Alantar, I. H. (1949b). Püerikültür: Kişisel ve sosyal çocuk sağlık bilgisi [Puericulture: Individual and social child hygiene]. Kenan Matbaası [Press].
  • Arpacı, M. (2015). Modernleşen Türkiye’de beden ve nüfus politikaları: Hıfzıssıhha, terbiye, öjeni [The population and body politics in modernizing Türkiye: Public health, discipline, eugenics] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Mimar Sinan University.
  • Balsoy, G. (2013). The Politics of Reproduction in Ottoman Society, 1838–1900. Pickering & Chatto.
  • Carlson, E. T. (1985). Medicine and degeneration: Theory and praxis. In J. E. Chamberlin & S. L. Gilman (Eds.), Degeneration the dark side of progress (pp.121-144). Columbia University Press.
  • Dursun, S. (2011). Procreation, family and "progress": Administrative and economic aspects of Ottoman population policies in the 19th century. The History of the Family, 16, 160–171.
  • Engs, R. C. (2005). The eugenics movement: An encyclopedia. Greenwood Press.
  • Galton, F. (1904). Eugenics: Its definition, scope, and aims. American Journal of Sociology, 10(1).
  • Gottschalk, L. (1969). Understanding history: A primer of historical method. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Hendrick, H. (2008). Child welfare: Historical dimensions, contemporary debate. The Policy Press.
  • Hexter, J. H. (1971). The history primer. Basic Books.
  • Krieken, R. (1986). Social theory and child welfare: Beyond social control. Theory and Society, 15(3), 401–429.
  • Kühl, S. (2013). For the betterment of the race. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Laughlin, H. H. (1922). Eugenical sterilization in the United States. Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago.
  • Lepicard, E. (2000). Auschwitz from a Nuremberg perspective: ethical implications for medicine. In J. Bemporad, J. T. Pawlikowski & J. Sievers (Eds.), Good and evil after Auschwitz: ethical implications for today Hoboken (pp. 139-152). KTAV Pub. House.
  • Levine, R. (2017). Eugenics: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
  • Libal, K. (2000). The Children's Protection Society: Nationalizing child welfare in early Republican Turkey. New Perspectives on Turkey, 23, 53–78.
  • Libal, K. (2016). Child poverty and emerging children's rights discourse in Early Republican Turkey. In B. C. Fortna (Ed.), Childhood in the late Ottoman Empire after (pp. 48–72). London: Brill.
  • Mallick, K. & Verma, G. (2005). Researching education: Perspectives and techniques. Taylor and Francis.
  • Muratovski, G. (2022). Research for designers: A guide to methods and practice. Sage.
  • Obladen, M. (2016). Despising the weak: Long shadows of infant murder in Nazi Germany. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 101(3), 190-194.
  • Platt, A. (1977). The Child Savers. University of Chicago Press.
  • Prestwich, P. E. (1997). Drinkers, drunkards, and degenerates: The alcoholic population of a Parisian asylum, 1867-1914. In J. S. Blocker & C. K. Warsh (Eds.), The changing face of drink: substance, imagery, and behaviour (pp. 115-131). Publications Histoire Sociale.
  • Rado, Ş. (1948, Nisan [April] 25). Çocuk Hastanesi’nde 25 sene: Prof. Dr. Ihsan Hilmi Alantarla kısa bir konuşma [25 years at Children's Hospital: Prof. Dr. A short conversation with İhsan Hilmi Alantar]. Akşam Gazetesi [Newspaper].
  • Soysal, Ş. S. (1960). Sayın hocamız Ord. Prof. Ihsan Hilmi Alantar [Our esteemed mentor, Ord. Prof. Ihsan Hilmi Alantar]. Istanbul Universitesi Tıp Fakultesi Mecmuası [Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine], 22(4), 1139-1141.
  • Tümay, S. B. (1962). Ord. Prof. Ihsan Hilmi Alantar. Istanbul Universitesi Tıp Fakultesi Mecmuası [Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine], 25(1), 116-118.
  • Tunc, Y. (2019). Puériculture education and the contours of the Republican child question and the politics of sexuality. In T. A. Popkewitz, J. Diaz, C. Kirchgasler (Eds.), A political sociology of educational knowledge studies of exclusions and difference (pp.38-53). Routledge.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Philosophical and Social Foundations of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sena Coşğun Kandal 0000-0002-2045-7302

Early Pub Date October 23, 2023
Publication Date October 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: Special Issue 2 - Education and Psychology Research in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic

Cite

APA Coşğun Kandal, S. (2023). Ihsan Hilmi Alantar and Child Welfare in Early Republican Türkiye. Research on Education and Psychology, 7(Special Issue 2), 724-737. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1373079

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