Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 24 - 38, 23.06.2023

Nurhan Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1286665

Abstract

References

  • References
  • Aktaş, N., & Bakkaloğlu, S. (2021). How well do first grade students, learning to read and write by distance education during the pandemic period, write? International Journal of Modern Education Studies, 5(2), 418-444 http://dx.doi.org/10.51383/ijonmes.2021.140
  • Aksu, D., & Can, A. A. (2018). İlkokul 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin el tercihleri oturuş ve defter pozisyonu ile kalem tutuşlarının belirlenmesi. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 8(1), 26-39.[Description of primary education 1st grade students’ hand preference sitting and paper position pencil grasp]
  • Akyol, H. (2011). Türkçe ilk okuma ve yazma öğretimi . PegemA Yayıncılık. [Turkish primary reading and writing teaching]
  • Atasoy, A. (2018). İlk yazma öğretimi: Temel ve bitişik el yazısı. In Bilginer Onan & Mustafa Onur Kan (Eds). İlk okuma yazma ve Türkçe öğretimi. Nobel Yayıncılık. [Primary literacy and Turkish teaching]
  • Barnett, A. L., Prunty, M., & Rosenblum, S. (2018). Development of the handwriting legibility scale (HLS): A preliminary examination of reliability and validity. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 72, 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.11.013
  • Başaran, M., & Akyol, H. (2019). Dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin kalem tutuşlarının ergonomik unsurlar açısından incelenmesi. Okuma Yazma Eğitimi Araştırmaları, 7(1), 1-14. [An investigation on fourth grade students’ writing for ergonomic elements]
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2018). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri .Pegem Yayıncılık. [Scientific research methods in education]
  • Çamurcu, D. (2011). Yüksek öğrenime yeni başlayan Türkçe eğitimi bölümü öğrencilerinin yazma becerilerinin incelenmesi. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 29, 503-518. [Investigating the writing skills of freshman Turkish language teaching students]
  • Demiroğlu Memiş, A. (2018). Examination of legibility and writing speeds of primary school students with respect to writing disposition and writing style. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(5), 1050-1059. http://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2018.060526
  • Dennis, J. L., & Swinth, Y. (2001). Pencil grasp and children’s handwriting legibility during different length writing tasks. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55, 171– 183.
  • Duran, E. (2009). Bitişik eğik yazı öğretimi çalışmalarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi. [Examining the cursive writing teaching skills of first grade students in respect of several variables]
  • Donica, D. K., Massengill, M., & Gooden, M. J. (2018). A quantitative study on the relationship between grasp and handwriting legibility: does grasp really matter? Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 11(4), 411-425.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
  • Fogel, Y., Rosenblum, S., & Barnett, A. L. (2022). Handwriting legibility across different writing tasks in school-aged children. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 35 (1), 44-51.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2020). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step – a simple guide and referance. Routledge.
  • Ghorbani, S., Yadolahzadeh, A., Shakki, M., & Noohpisheh, Sh. (2020). Association between Second to Fourth Digit Ratio with Handwriting Quality and Speed among Elementary School Children. Int J Pediatr; 8(9),12053-12060. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2020.47498.3854.
  • Glesne, C. (2015). Becoming Qualitative Researchers: An Introduction (5.bs.). Pearson Education
  • Gök, B., & Baş, Ö. (2020). İlkokul 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin dik temel yazılarının okunaklılığı üzerine bir inceleme.
  • Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 8(2), 572-585. [Investigating the Legibility of Primary School 1st Grade Students' Manuscript Writing]
  • Graham, S., Weintraub, N. & Berninger, V. (2001). which manuscript letters do primary grade children write legibly? Journal of Educational Psychology, 93 (3), 488-497 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.93.3.488
  • Graham, S., Weintraub, N., Berninger, V.W., & Schafer, W. (1998). Development of handwriting speed and legibility in grades 1-9. The Journal of Educational Research, 92 (1), 42-51.
  • Graham, S., Harris, K.R., & Mason, L. (2008). How do primary grade teachers teach handwriting? A national survey. Reading and Writing, 21, 49-69.
  • Güneş, F. (2014). Türkçe öğretimi yaklaşımlar ve modeller (3. baskı).Pegem Akademi. [Turkish teaching approaches and models]
  • Julius, M. S., Meir, R., Shechter-Nissim, Z., & Adi-Japha, E. (2016). Children’s ability to learn a motor skill is related to handwriting and reading proficiency. Learning and Individual Differences, 51, 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif. 2016.08.034
  • Kellogg, R. T. (2008). Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective. Journal of Writing Research, 1(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/0.17239/jowr-2008.1.01.1
  • Koziatek, S. M., & Powell, N. J. (2003). Pencil grips, legibility, and speed of fourth-graders’ writing in cursive. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57, 284–288.
  • Kuşdemir, Y., Katrancı, M. & Arslan, F. (2018). Analysis of the primary school students’ legibility. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(3), 116-132.
  • Mailand, R. B. (2009). Writing strategies in the primary grades (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pacific Lutheran University, USA
  • Okatan, Ö. & Arslan Özer, D. (2020). İlkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerilerinin betimlenmesi. Ana Dili Eğitim Dergisi, 8(3), 720-731. [Describing the Writing Skills of the First Grade Elementary School Students]
  • Özer, D. A., & Bağcı, H. (2018). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin (2-7. Sınıf) yazı okunaklılığı. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, (11), 121-132. [Elementary school students’ (2-7. Grade) handwriting]
  • Rosenblum, S., & Gafni-Lachter, L. (2015). Handwriting proficiency screening questionnaire for children (HPSQ–C): development, reliability, and validity. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69 (3). http://dx.doi. org/10.5014/ajot.2015.014761
  • Schwellnus, H., Carnahan, H., Kushki, A., Polatajko, H., Missiuna,C., & Chau, T. (2012). Effect of Pencil Grasp on the Speed and Legibility of Handwriting in Children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy,66(6) 718-726. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2012.004515
  • Schwellnus, H., Carnahan H., Kushki A, Polatajko H, Missiuna C., & Chau T. (2013). Writing forces associated with four pencil grasp patterns in grade 4 children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(2), 218–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005538.
  • Shah, L. J., & Gladson, B.L. (2015) The relationship of pencil grasp on college students’ handwriting speed and legibility, Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 8(2), 180-191, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2015.1040673.
  • Somers, M., Shields, L. S., Boks, M. P., Kahn, R. S., & Sommer, I. E. (2015). Cognitive benefits of right-handedness: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 51, 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.003.
  • Taylor, J. (2006). Developing handwriting skills. In Snowling, M.J., Stackhou-se, J.(Eds.) A practitioner's handbook. Dislexia. Speech and language (2nd Edition), (229-252). Whurr Publishers.
  • Temur, T. (2011). Yazı ve yazma becerisi. In Temur, T. (Edt). İlk okuma ve yazma öğretimi 2. Baskı (91-119). Pegem Akademi. [Primary reading and writing teaching]
  • Temur, T., Aksoy, C. C., & Tabak, H. (2011). Kalemi kavrama noktası, oturuş şekli ve kâğıt pozisyonu değişkenleri açısından ilköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma hızları ve hatalarının değerlendirilmesi. Millî Eğitim Dergisi, 41(191), 24-37. [An evaluatıon of the fırst grade elementary students` wrıtıng speed and errors wıth regard to pencıl grıppıng poınt, sıttıng posture and paper posıtıon]
  • Temur, T., Aksoy, C., & Tabak, H. (2012). İlköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin kalem tutma biçimleri ve kavrama-sıkıştırma kuvvetlerinin yazma hızı ve hatalarına etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 37(165), 307-319. [The impact of holding and gripping a pencil and compressive strength on writing speed and mistakes of first grade students]
  • Tok, R., & Erdoğan, Ö. (2017). İlkokul 2. 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerilerinin incelenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (1), 1003-1024. [Investigating the primary school 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade students’ skills of writing]
  • Ulu, H. (2019). İlkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin dik temel yazılarının okunaklılık ve yazma hataları açısından incelenmesi. Uluslararası Alan Eğitimi Dergisi, 5(2), 195-211, https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.626430 [An analysis of manuscript handwriting of primary school first grade students in terms of readability and writing errors]
  • Vlachos, F. & Bonoti, F. (2006). Explaining age and sex differences in children’s handwriting: a neurobiological approach. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 3 (2), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620500371455
  • Yıldırım, K., & Ateş, S. (2010). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin bitişik eğik yazı uygulamalarına ilişkin görüşleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5, 57-71. [Views of primary grade teachers’ in regard to their instructional practices in handwriting]
  • Yıldız, M., & Ateş, S. (2010). İlk okuma yazmayı farklı yöntemlerle öğrenen ilköğretim 3. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazılarının okunaklılık ve yazım hataları bakımından karşılaştırılması. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(1), 11-30. [Comparison of the writings of 3rd grade students who acquired first reading and writing in different ways, ın respect to their legibility and writing errors]
  • Yıldız, M., Açan, M., Berber, V., Bulut, S. & Zalimhan, R. (2015). İlkokul öğrencilerinin yazma sürecindeki ergonomik tercihleri: Kalem tutma, el tercihi, oturuş ve kâğıt pozisyonu. Internatioanl Journal of Social Science, 40, 61-71 [Ergonomic preferences of the primary students during writing: pencil grasp, hand preference, sitting and paper position]
  • Yıldız, M., & Öztürk, S. (2013). Almanya’da ilkokulda (Gradschule) öğrenim gören Türk çocuklarının yazma becerileri üzerine bir inceleme: Stutt-gard örneği. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken, 5(2), 139-155. [An investigation on the writing skills of Turkish children studying at primary school (Grundschule) in Germany: Stutt-gard example]

Does Primary Students’ Writing Ergonomics Affect Their Handwriting Legibility?

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 24 - 38, 23.06.2023

Nurhan Aktaş

https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1286665

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of primary school students’ writing ergonomics
on their handwriting legibility. Data was collected with the convenience sampling method
in this study, conducted with the survey model as one of the quantitative research methods.
The study sample consisted of 450 primary school students studying in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and
4th grades of public schools in the city centre of Konya, Türkiye. The “Writing Process
Observation Form” was used to determine the preferences of the students for writing
ergonomics. In order to determine the handwriting legibility of the students, they were
given a dictation activity, upon which their writings were analysed according to the
“Multidimensional Legibility Scale”. The t-test and ANOVA were used for analysing the data
collected in the present study, as a result of which the handwriting legibility of female
students turned out to be better than that of male students, and besides that, a statistical
significance was found in terms of the grade level variable. As a conclusion, first and fourth
grade students appeared to write more legibly than third grade students, and the righthanded
students were found to write more legibly than the left-handed ones. However, the
writing ergonomics of the students (i.e., notebook/paper positions, pencil gripping styles
and pencil gripping point) seemed to have no significant impact on the legibility of the
writing.

Keywords

writing ergonomics legibility primary school students survey model

References

  • References
  • Aktaş, N., & Bakkaloğlu, S. (2021). How well do first grade students, learning to read and write by distance education during the pandemic period, write? International Journal of Modern Education Studies, 5(2), 418-444 http://dx.doi.org/10.51383/ijonmes.2021.140
  • Aksu, D., & Can, A. A. (2018). İlkokul 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin el tercihleri oturuş ve defter pozisyonu ile kalem tutuşlarının belirlenmesi. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 8(1), 26-39.[Description of primary education 1st grade students’ hand preference sitting and paper position pencil grasp]
  • Akyol, H. (2011). Türkçe ilk okuma ve yazma öğretimi . PegemA Yayıncılık. [Turkish primary reading and writing teaching]
  • Atasoy, A. (2018). İlk yazma öğretimi: Temel ve bitişik el yazısı. In Bilginer Onan & Mustafa Onur Kan (Eds). İlk okuma yazma ve Türkçe öğretimi. Nobel Yayıncılık. [Primary literacy and Turkish teaching]
  • Barnett, A. L., Prunty, M., & Rosenblum, S. (2018). Development of the handwriting legibility scale (HLS): A preliminary examination of reliability and validity. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 72, 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.11.013
  • Başaran, M., & Akyol, H. (2019). Dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin kalem tutuşlarının ergonomik unsurlar açısından incelenmesi. Okuma Yazma Eğitimi Araştırmaları, 7(1), 1-14. [An investigation on fourth grade students’ writing for ergonomic elements]
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2018). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri .Pegem Yayıncılık. [Scientific research methods in education]
  • Çamurcu, D. (2011). Yüksek öğrenime yeni başlayan Türkçe eğitimi bölümü öğrencilerinin yazma becerilerinin incelenmesi. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 29, 503-518. [Investigating the writing skills of freshman Turkish language teaching students]
  • Demiroğlu Memiş, A. (2018). Examination of legibility and writing speeds of primary school students with respect to writing disposition and writing style. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(5), 1050-1059. http://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2018.060526
  • Dennis, J. L., & Swinth, Y. (2001). Pencil grasp and children’s handwriting legibility during different length writing tasks. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55, 171– 183.
  • Duran, E. (2009). Bitişik eğik yazı öğretimi çalışmalarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi. [Examining the cursive writing teaching skills of first grade students in respect of several variables]
  • Donica, D. K., Massengill, M., & Gooden, M. J. (2018). A quantitative study on the relationship between grasp and handwriting legibility: does grasp really matter? Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 11(4), 411-425.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
  • Fogel, Y., Rosenblum, S., & Barnett, A. L. (2022). Handwriting legibility across different writing tasks in school-aged children. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 35 (1), 44-51.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2020). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step – a simple guide and referance. Routledge.
  • Ghorbani, S., Yadolahzadeh, A., Shakki, M., & Noohpisheh, Sh. (2020). Association between Second to Fourth Digit Ratio with Handwriting Quality and Speed among Elementary School Children. Int J Pediatr; 8(9),12053-12060. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2020.47498.3854.
  • Glesne, C. (2015). Becoming Qualitative Researchers: An Introduction (5.bs.). Pearson Education
  • Gök, B., & Baş, Ö. (2020). İlkokul 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin dik temel yazılarının okunaklılığı üzerine bir inceleme.
  • Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 8(2), 572-585. [Investigating the Legibility of Primary School 1st Grade Students' Manuscript Writing]
  • Graham, S., Weintraub, N. & Berninger, V. (2001). which manuscript letters do primary grade children write legibly? Journal of Educational Psychology, 93 (3), 488-497 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.93.3.488
  • Graham, S., Weintraub, N., Berninger, V.W., & Schafer, W. (1998). Development of handwriting speed and legibility in grades 1-9. The Journal of Educational Research, 92 (1), 42-51.
  • Graham, S., Harris, K.R., & Mason, L. (2008). How do primary grade teachers teach handwriting? A national survey. Reading and Writing, 21, 49-69.
  • Güneş, F. (2014). Türkçe öğretimi yaklaşımlar ve modeller (3. baskı).Pegem Akademi. [Turkish teaching approaches and models]
  • Julius, M. S., Meir, R., Shechter-Nissim, Z., & Adi-Japha, E. (2016). Children’s ability to learn a motor skill is related to handwriting and reading proficiency. Learning and Individual Differences, 51, 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif. 2016.08.034
  • Kellogg, R. T. (2008). Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective. Journal of Writing Research, 1(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/0.17239/jowr-2008.1.01.1
  • Koziatek, S. M., & Powell, N. J. (2003). Pencil grips, legibility, and speed of fourth-graders’ writing in cursive. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57, 284–288.
  • Kuşdemir, Y., Katrancı, M. & Arslan, F. (2018). Analysis of the primary school students’ legibility. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(3), 116-132.
  • Mailand, R. B. (2009). Writing strategies in the primary grades (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Pacific Lutheran University, USA
  • Okatan, Ö. & Arslan Özer, D. (2020). İlkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerilerinin betimlenmesi. Ana Dili Eğitim Dergisi, 8(3), 720-731. [Describing the Writing Skills of the First Grade Elementary School Students]
  • Özer, D. A., & Bağcı, H. (2018). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin (2-7. Sınıf) yazı okunaklılığı. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, (11), 121-132. [Elementary school students’ (2-7. Grade) handwriting]
  • Rosenblum, S., & Gafni-Lachter, L. (2015). Handwriting proficiency screening questionnaire for children (HPSQ–C): development, reliability, and validity. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69 (3). http://dx.doi. org/10.5014/ajot.2015.014761
  • Schwellnus, H., Carnahan, H., Kushki, A., Polatajko, H., Missiuna,C., & Chau, T. (2012). Effect of Pencil Grasp on the Speed and Legibility of Handwriting in Children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy,66(6) 718-726. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2012.004515
  • Schwellnus, H., Carnahan H., Kushki A, Polatajko H, Missiuna C., & Chau T. (2013). Writing forces associated with four pencil grasp patterns in grade 4 children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(2), 218–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005538.
  • Shah, L. J., & Gladson, B.L. (2015) The relationship of pencil grasp on college students’ handwriting speed and legibility, Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 8(2), 180-191, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2015.1040673.
  • Somers, M., Shields, L. S., Boks, M. P., Kahn, R. S., & Sommer, I. E. (2015). Cognitive benefits of right-handedness: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 51, 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.003.
  • Taylor, J. (2006). Developing handwriting skills. In Snowling, M.J., Stackhou-se, J.(Eds.) A practitioner's handbook. Dislexia. Speech and language (2nd Edition), (229-252). Whurr Publishers.
  • Temur, T. (2011). Yazı ve yazma becerisi. In Temur, T. (Edt). İlk okuma ve yazma öğretimi 2. Baskı (91-119). Pegem Akademi. [Primary reading and writing teaching]
  • Temur, T., Aksoy, C. C., & Tabak, H. (2011). Kalemi kavrama noktası, oturuş şekli ve kâğıt pozisyonu değişkenleri açısından ilköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma hızları ve hatalarının değerlendirilmesi. Millî Eğitim Dergisi, 41(191), 24-37. [An evaluatıon of the fırst grade elementary students` wrıtıng speed and errors wıth regard to pencıl grıppıng poınt, sıttıng posture and paper posıtıon]
  • Temur, T., Aksoy, C., & Tabak, H. (2012). İlköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin kalem tutma biçimleri ve kavrama-sıkıştırma kuvvetlerinin yazma hızı ve hatalarına etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 37(165), 307-319. [The impact of holding and gripping a pencil and compressive strength on writing speed and mistakes of first grade students]
  • Tok, R., & Erdoğan, Ö. (2017). İlkokul 2. 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerilerinin incelenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14 (1), 1003-1024. [Investigating the primary school 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade students’ skills of writing]
  • Ulu, H. (2019). İlkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin dik temel yazılarının okunaklılık ve yazma hataları açısından incelenmesi. Uluslararası Alan Eğitimi Dergisi, 5(2), 195-211, https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.626430 [An analysis of manuscript handwriting of primary school first grade students in terms of readability and writing errors]
  • Vlachos, F. & Bonoti, F. (2006). Explaining age and sex differences in children’s handwriting: a neurobiological approach. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 3 (2), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620500371455
  • Yıldırım, K., & Ateş, S. (2010). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin bitişik eğik yazı uygulamalarına ilişkin görüşleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5, 57-71. [Views of primary grade teachers’ in regard to their instructional practices in handwriting]
  • Yıldız, M., & Ateş, S. (2010). İlk okuma yazmayı farklı yöntemlerle öğrenen ilköğretim 3. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazılarının okunaklılık ve yazım hataları bakımından karşılaştırılması. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(1), 11-30. [Comparison of the writings of 3rd grade students who acquired first reading and writing in different ways, ın respect to their legibility and writing errors]
  • Yıldız, M., Açan, M., Berber, V., Bulut, S. & Zalimhan, R. (2015). İlkokul öğrencilerinin yazma sürecindeki ergonomik tercihleri: Kalem tutma, el tercihi, oturuş ve kâğıt pozisyonu. Internatioanl Journal of Social Science, 40, 61-71 [Ergonomic preferences of the primary students during writing: pencil grasp, hand preference, sitting and paper position]
  • Yıldız, M., & Öztürk, S. (2013). Almanya’da ilkokulda (Gradschule) öğrenim gören Türk çocuklarının yazma becerileri üzerine bir inceleme: Stutt-gard örneği. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken, 5(2), 139-155. [An investigation on the writing skills of Turkish children studying at primary school (Grundschule) in Germany: Stutt-gard example]
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nurhan Aktaş 0000-0003-0264-5120

Publication Date June 23, 2023
Acceptance Date May 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aktaş, N. (2023). Does Primary Students’ Writing Ergonomics Affect Their Handwriting Legibility?. Language Teaching and Educational Research, 6(1), 24-38. https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1286665
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