Research Article
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Children After Earthquake: Maraş Earthquake in Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 511 - 522, 31.12.2023

Mesut Polatgil Ensar Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.1329747

Abstract

Türkiye has experienced the most destructive earthquake disaster in recent years. On February 6, 2023, two earthquakes of more than seven magnitudes occurred in Türkiye, first in Pazarcık and then in Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaraş province. These earthquakes caused the deaths of more than 50 thousand people and billions of dollars in damage. The earthquakes had serious effects on every segment of society, including children. This study, which aimed to examine the opinions of individuals about children in such a big earthquake, examined 3.450 tweets sent in February 2023. While the researchers used Maxqda to analyze tweets regarding hashtags, likes, retweets, and source devices, they used Python for sentiment analysis. The findings highlighted that the words AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency), education, and psychology were frequently used as hashtags in tweets about children. In addition, the study observed that tweets with very few likes and retweets did not arouse much interest in people. The findings of the sentiment analysis indicated that the tweets were quite negatively oriented. The study’s findings can guide future actions and plans concerning the earthquake and children.

Keywords

Earthquake Children Maraş Earthquake Twitter Sentiment analysis

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that this article complies with ethical standards and rules.

Supporting Institution

No financial support was received from any person or institution for the study.

References

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  • Ceyhan, E., & Ceyhan, A. A. (2006). 1999 Marmara Bölgesi depremlerini yaşayan üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde depremin uzun dönemli sonuçları [The long- termed outcomes of the earthquakes on university students exposed to 1999 Marmara Region earthquakes]. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2006(2), 197–212. https://earsiv.anadolu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11421/424
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  • Garske, S. I., Elayan, S., Sykora, M., Edry, T., Grabenhenrich, L. B., Galea, S., Lowe, S. R., & Gruebner, O. (2021). Space-Time Dependence of Emotions on Twitter after a Natural Disaster. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105292
  • Gomez, C. J., & Yoshikawa, H. (2017). Earthquake effects: Estimating the relationship between exposure to the 2010 Chilean earthquake and preschool children’s early cognitive and executive function skills. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 38, 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.08.004
  • İnmez, İ. (2011). Afetlerin doğallığı üzerine: Sosyal bir olgu olarak afetler ve kırılganlık sorunu. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 66(4), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002236
  • Kaigo, M. (2012). Social media usage during disasters and social capital: Twitter and the Great East Japan earthquake. Keio Communication Review, 34(1), 19–35. https://www.mediacom.keio.ac.jp/publication/pdf2012/KCR34_02KAIGO.pdf
  • Kaigo, M. (2017). Social Media in Japan and the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake. In M. Kaigo (Ed.), Social Media and Civil Society in Japan (pp. 37–71). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5095-4_2
  • Karataş, E. O. (2022). Çocuk odaklı haberlerin ana akım ve alternatif medyada sunumu: İzmir depremi örneği [Presentation of child-oriented news in mainstream and alternative media: The example of İzmir earthquake]. Uluslararası Medya ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi, 5(2), 302–326. https://doi.org/10.33464/mediaj.1170727
  • Kaya, E., & Özcebe, H. (2013). Afetlerin çocuk sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 12(4). http://doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1340195612
  • Kousky, C. (2016). Impacts of Natural Disasters on Children. The Future of Children, 26(1), 73–92. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43755231
  • Köksal, A., & Özgür, A. (2021, June). Twitter dataset and evaluation of transformers for Turkish sentiment analysis. In 29th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) (pp. 1–4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIU53274.2021.9477814
  • Kukuoğlu, A. (2018). Doğal afetler sonrası yaşanan travmalar ve örnek bir psikoeğitim programı. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 1(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.412005
  • Lai, B. S., & La Greca, A. (2020). Understanding the impacts of natural disasters on children. Society for Research in Child Development, 8. https://www.srcd.org/sites/default/files/resources/FINAL_SRCDCEB-NaturalDisasters_0.pdf
  • Mahmoudi-Gharaei, J., Bina, M., Yasami, M. T., Emami, A., & Naderi, F. (2006). Group play therapy effect on Bam earthquake related emotional and behavioral symptoms in preschool children: a before-after trial. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 16(2), 137–142. http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?pe06017
  • O’Connor, R. (2009, January 20). “Facebook and Twitter Are Reshaping Journalism As We Know It”, https://www.alternet.org/2009/01/facebook_and_twitter_are_reshaping_journalism_as_we_know_it
  • Oh, O., Kwon, K. H., & Rao, H. R. (2010). An exploration of social media in extreme events: Rumor theory and Twitter during the Haiti earthquake. https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2010_submissions/231
  • Osofsky, H. J., Osofsky, J. D., Kronenberg, M., Brennan, A., & Hansel, T. C. (2009). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after Hurricane Katrina: Predicting the need for mental health services. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(2), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016179
  • Park, C. M. (2018). A study on the images used in sandplay therapy by children who experienced the Gyeongju earthquake. Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy, 9(2), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.18006
  • Peek, L. (2008). Children and disasters: Understanding vulnerability, developing capacities, and promoting resilience—An introduction. Children Youth and Environments, 18(1), 1–29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.1.0001
  • Pun, K., Villa, K., & Fontenla, M. (2022). The impact of Nepal's earthquake on the health status of rural children. Review of Development Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12957
  • Sapsağlam, Ö. (2019). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarında doğal afet farkındalığı [Natural Disaster Awareness in Preschool Children]. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of Education Faculty, 38(1), 283–295. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/omuefd/issue/46119/517081
  • Scheeringa, M. S., & Zeanah, C. H. (2008). Reconsideration of harm's way: Onsets and comorbidity patterns of disorders in preschool children and their caregivers following Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(3), 508–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410802148178
  • Soydan, E., & Alpaslan, N. (2014). Medyanın doğal afetlerdeki işlevi [Role of media acts in natural disasters]. İstanbul Journal of Social Sciences (2014)7, 53–64. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/161934
  • StockApps. (2022, April 26). Android loses 8% of its global OS market share in five years. https://stockapps.com/blog/android-loses-8-of-its-global-os-market-share-in-five-years
  • Subekti, D., Purnomo, E. P., Fathani, A. T., & Salsabila, L. (2022, March 1). How Can Indonesia Government Handle the Natural Disaster during COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Twitter Account. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Organization (ICONPO 2021) (pp. 231–240). Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iconpo-21/125970951
  • Tanaka, E., Tsutsumi, A., Kawakami, N., Kameoka, S., Kato, H., & You, Y. (2016). Long-term psychological consequences among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in China: A cross-sectional survey six years after the disaster. Journal of Affective Disorders, 204, 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.001
  • Tuncer, N., Sözen, Ş., & Sakar, Ş. (2021). Okul öncesi eğitimde deprem farkındalığı: Deprem benden küçüksün” projesi, Tokat ili örneği [Earthquake awareness in preschool education: The project of "Earthquake! You are smaller than me", example of Tokat]. International Journal of Educational Spectrum, 3(1), 1–27. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijesacademic/issue/60410/756668
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Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 511 - 522, 31.12.2023

Mesut Polatgil Ensar Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.1329747

Abstract

References

  • Ak, B. (2002). Depremin okul dönemi çocuklarının (6-12 yaş) davranışlarına etkilerinin belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi [Determination and evaluation of the effects of the earthquake on the behavior of school children (6-12 years old)] (Tez No. 115664) [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi-İzmir]. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi.
  • Ataç, M., & Özsezer, G. (2021). Depremden etkilenen çocuk ve ergenlerin ruhsal durumu ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı [Mental status and nursing approach of children and adolescents affected by the earthquake]. Acil Yardım ve Afet Bilimi Dergisi, 1(1), 22–27. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/eadsjrnl/issue/75976/1256866
  • Berkem, M., & Bildik, T. (2001). Depremin Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Polikliniğine başvuru profili üzerine etkisi [The effect of the earthquake on the application profile of Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Child Psychiatry Polyclinic]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2(1), 29–35. https://alpha-psychiatry.com/Content/files/sayilar/163/29-35.pdf
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). Contexts of child rearing: Problems and prospects. American Psychologist, 34(10), 844. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.844
  • Celebi Oncu, E., & Metindogan Wise, A. (2010). The Effects of the 1999 Turkish Earthquake on Young Children: Analyzing Traumatized Children’s Completion of Short Stories. Child Development, 81(4), 1161–1175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01460.x
  • Ceyhan, E., & Ceyhan, A. A. (2006). 1999 Marmara Bölgesi depremlerini yaşayan üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde depremin uzun dönemli sonuçları [The long- termed outcomes of the earthquakes on university students exposed to 1999 Marmara Region earthquakes]. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2006(2), 197–212. https://earsiv.anadolu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11421/424
  • Çakmak, H., Ocaktan, M. E., & Akdur, R. (2018). Doğal afetler, eşitsizlikler ve sağlık sonuçları. Akın, E. (Ed.) Eşitsizlikler ve Sağlık Sonuçları (pp. 88–94). Türkiye Klinikleri. https://www.recepakdur.com/media/1312/01-2018-18-c-akmak-hpiyal-b-akdur-r-dog-al-afetler-sag-lik-sonuc-lari-ve-es-itsizlikler-tu-rkiye-klinikleri-2018-pp-88-94.pdf
  • Danışman, I. G., & Okay, D. (2017). Afetlerin çocuk ve ergenler üzerindeki etkileri ve müdahale yaklaşımları. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychology-Special Topics, 2(3), 189–197. https://www.dergipdr.com/d/file/afetlerin-cocuk-ve-ergenler-uzerindeki-etkileri-ve-mudahale-yaklasimlari.pdf
  • Deering, C. G. (2000). A cognitive developmental approach to understanding how children cope with disasters. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 13(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2000.tb00070.x
  • Değirmenci, Y., & İlter, İ. (2013). Coğrafya dersi öğretim programında doğal afetler. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, (28), 276–303. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/marucog/issue/475/3934
  • Doğan, F., & Kırkıncıoğlu, M. (2020). Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda (4-6 Yaş) Deprem, Yangın ve Tahliye Konusunda Durum Tespitinin Yapılması [Determination of the Situation about Earthquake, Fire and Evacuation in Preschool Children (4-6 Age)]. İSG Akademik, 2(2), 145–159. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/isgakademik/issue/55804/821748
  • Ergünay, O. (2009, Kasım 11–12). Doğal afetler ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma [Natural disasters and sustainable development]. İçinde Deprem Sempozyumu [Symposium]. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi.
  • Erkan, S. (2010). Deprem yaşayan ve yaşamayan okul öncesi çocukların davranışsal/duygusal sorunlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(28), 55–66. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/pauefd/issue/11115/132908
  • Garske, S. I., Elayan, S., Sykora, M., Edry, T., Grabenhenrich, L. B., Galea, S., Lowe, S. R., & Gruebner, O. (2021). Space-Time Dependence of Emotions on Twitter after a Natural Disaster. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105292
  • Gomez, C. J., & Yoshikawa, H. (2017). Earthquake effects: Estimating the relationship between exposure to the 2010 Chilean earthquake and preschool children’s early cognitive and executive function skills. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 38, 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.08.004
  • İnmez, İ. (2011). Afetlerin doğallığı üzerine: Sosyal bir olgu olarak afetler ve kırılganlık sorunu. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 66(4), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002236
  • Kaigo, M. (2012). Social media usage during disasters and social capital: Twitter and the Great East Japan earthquake. Keio Communication Review, 34(1), 19–35. https://www.mediacom.keio.ac.jp/publication/pdf2012/KCR34_02KAIGO.pdf
  • Kaigo, M. (2017). Social Media in Japan and the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake. In M. Kaigo (Ed.), Social Media and Civil Society in Japan (pp. 37–71). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5095-4_2
  • Karataş, E. O. (2022). Çocuk odaklı haberlerin ana akım ve alternatif medyada sunumu: İzmir depremi örneği [Presentation of child-oriented news in mainstream and alternative media: The example of İzmir earthquake]. Uluslararası Medya ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi, 5(2), 302–326. https://doi.org/10.33464/mediaj.1170727
  • Kaya, E., & Özcebe, H. (2013). Afetlerin çocuk sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 12(4). http://doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1340195612
  • Kousky, C. (2016). Impacts of Natural Disasters on Children. The Future of Children, 26(1), 73–92. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43755231
  • Köksal, A., & Özgür, A. (2021, June). Twitter dataset and evaluation of transformers for Turkish sentiment analysis. In 29th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) (pp. 1–4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIU53274.2021.9477814
  • Kukuoğlu, A. (2018). Doğal afetler sonrası yaşanan travmalar ve örnek bir psikoeğitim programı. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 1(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.412005
  • Lai, B. S., & La Greca, A. (2020). Understanding the impacts of natural disasters on children. Society for Research in Child Development, 8. https://www.srcd.org/sites/default/files/resources/FINAL_SRCDCEB-NaturalDisasters_0.pdf
  • Mahmoudi-Gharaei, J., Bina, M., Yasami, M. T., Emami, A., & Naderi, F. (2006). Group play therapy effect on Bam earthquake related emotional and behavioral symptoms in preschool children: a before-after trial. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 16(2), 137–142. http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?pe06017
  • O’Connor, R. (2009, January 20). “Facebook and Twitter Are Reshaping Journalism As We Know It”, https://www.alternet.org/2009/01/facebook_and_twitter_are_reshaping_journalism_as_we_know_it
  • Oh, O., Kwon, K. H., & Rao, H. R. (2010). An exploration of social media in extreme events: Rumor theory and Twitter during the Haiti earthquake. https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2010_submissions/231
  • Osofsky, H. J., Osofsky, J. D., Kronenberg, M., Brennan, A., & Hansel, T. C. (2009). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after Hurricane Katrina: Predicting the need for mental health services. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(2), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016179
  • Park, C. M. (2018). A study on the images used in sandplay therapy by children who experienced the Gyeongju earthquake. Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy, 9(2), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.12964/jsst.18006
  • Peek, L. (2008). Children and disasters: Understanding vulnerability, developing capacities, and promoting resilience—An introduction. Children Youth and Environments, 18(1), 1–29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.1.0001
  • Pun, K., Villa, K., & Fontenla, M. (2022). The impact of Nepal's earthquake on the health status of rural children. Review of Development Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12957
  • Sapsağlam, Ö. (2019). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarında doğal afet farkındalığı [Natural Disaster Awareness in Preschool Children]. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of Education Faculty, 38(1), 283–295. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/omuefd/issue/46119/517081
  • Scheeringa, M. S., & Zeanah, C. H. (2008). Reconsideration of harm's way: Onsets and comorbidity patterns of disorders in preschool children and their caregivers following Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(3), 508–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410802148178
  • Soydan, E., & Alpaslan, N. (2014). Medyanın doğal afetlerdeki işlevi [Role of media acts in natural disasters]. İstanbul Journal of Social Sciences (2014)7, 53–64. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/161934
  • StockApps. (2022, April 26). Android loses 8% of its global OS market share in five years. https://stockapps.com/blog/android-loses-8-of-its-global-os-market-share-in-five-years
  • Subekti, D., Purnomo, E. P., Fathani, A. T., & Salsabila, L. (2022, March 1). How Can Indonesia Government Handle the Natural Disaster during COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Twitter Account. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Organization (ICONPO 2021) (pp. 231–240). Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iconpo-21/125970951
  • Tanaka, E., Tsutsumi, A., Kawakami, N., Kameoka, S., Kato, H., & You, Y. (2016). Long-term psychological consequences among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in China: A cross-sectional survey six years after the disaster. Journal of Affective Disorders, 204, 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.001
  • Tuncer, N., Sözen, Ş., & Sakar, Ş. (2021). Okul öncesi eğitimde deprem farkındalığı: Deprem benden küçüksün” projesi, Tokat ili örneği [Earthquake awareness in preschool education: The project of "Earthquake! You are smaller than me", example of Tokat]. International Journal of Educational Spectrum, 3(1), 1–27. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijesacademic/issue/60410/756668
  • Usami, M., Iwadare, Y., Kodaira, M., Watanabe, K., Aoki, M., Katsumi, C., Matsuda, K., Makino, K., Iijima, S., Harada, M., Tanaka, H., Sasaki, Y., Tanaka, T., Ushijima, H., & Saito, K. (2012). Relationships between Traumatic Symptoms and Environmental Damage Conditions among Children 8 Months after the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. PLOS ONE, 7(11), e50721. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050721
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There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Big Data, Communication Sociology, Statistical Data Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mesut Polatgil 0000-0002-7503-2977

Ensar Yıldız 0000-0003-3741-1121

Early Pub Date December 30, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date July 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Polatgil, M., & Yıldız, E. (2023). Children After Earthquake: Maraş Earthquake in Türkiye. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 16(2), 511-522. https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.1329747
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